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  1. Regulation VIA Transcription FACTORS
    1. Structural features of regulatory transcription factors allow them to bind to DNA
    2. Structural features of regulatory transcription factors allow them to bind to DNA
    3. Regulatory transcription factors recognize response elements that function as enhancers or silencers
    4. Regulatory transcription factors may exert their effects through TFIID and mediator
    5. The function of regulatory transcription factor proteins can be modulated in three ways
    6. Steroid hormones exert their effects by binding to a regulatory transcription factor and controlling the transcription of nearby genes
    7. The CREB protein is an example of a regulatory transcription factor modulated by protein-protein interaction and covalent modification
  2. Changes in Chromatin Structure
    1. Gene accessibility can be controlled by changes in chromatin structure
    2. DNaseI sensitivity can be used to study changes in chromatin structure
    3. Chromatin packing and nucleosome location are altered during globin gene expression
    4. Transcriptional activators recruit chromatin-remodeling enzymes to the promoter region
    5. DNA methylation inhibits gene transcription
    6. DNA methylation is heritable
  3. Regulation of RNA Processing and Translation
    1. Alternative splicing regulates which exons occur in an RNA transcript, allowing different proteins to be made from the same structural gene
    2. The nucleotide sequence of RNA can be modified by RNA editing
    3. The stability of mRNA influences mRNA concentration
    4. Double-stranded RNA can mediate mRNA degradation
    5. Phosphorylation of ribosomal initiation factors can alter the rate of translation
    6. The regulation of iron assimilation is an example of the regulatory effect of RNA-binding proteins on translation







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