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Short Answer Quiz
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1

Define a mutation.
2

Describe a silent mutation.
3

What types of mutations might you expect to alter much or all of the primary structure of a protein?
4

Differentiate between deleterious and lethal mutations.
5

Many eukaryotic genes have two stop codons located close to each other at the end of the gene. How might this be relevant for cells that carry a nonsense suppressor mutation?
6

In Drosophila, the Torso protein is required for activation of a signaling pathway leading to formation of the head and tail of embryos. If Torso is missing, a mutation leading to increased activity of a second protein, D-raf, can allow relatively normal development of head and tail. This D-raf mutation could be an example of what type(s) of mutation?
7

Differentiate between spontaneous and induced mutations.
8

For a gene with a mutation rate of 1 x 10-5 per generation, what additional information would you need to calculate the mutation frequency?
9

Considering spontaneous mutations caused by depurination, deamination, and tautomeric shifts, explain why transitions are more common than transversions.
10

As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, mutation rates in both humans and plants have been demonstrated to be greatly increased. What type of mutations would you expect to find in this population?
11

How is mismatch repair able to determine the strand with the correct DNA sequence?
12

Explain how xeroderma pigmentosum can be caused by mutations in so many different genes.
13

What might be a functional advantage to more efficient repair of actively transcribed genes?





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