| Study Outline (See related pages)
- Origin of Species
- A biological species is a group of reproductively isolated individuals
- Speciation usually occurs via a branching process called cladogenesis
- Divergent evolution can be allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric
- Müntzing was able to re-create an allotetraploid species
- Evolution can proceed gradually or be punctuated by periods of rapid change
- Evolution at the Molecular Level
- Homologous genes are derived from a common ancestral gene
- Variation in gene sequences can be used to construct phylogenetic trees
- Horizontal gene transfer also contributes to the evolution of species
- Scientists can examine the relationships between living and extinct flightless birds by analyzing ancient DNA and then comparing DNA sequences
- Genetic variation at the molecular level is associated with neutral changes in gene sequences
- Speciation is associated with changes in chromosome structure and number
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