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Study Outline
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  1. General features of chromosomes
    1. Eukaryotic chromosomes are examined cytologically to yield a karyotype
    2. Eukaryotic chromosomes are inherited in sets
  2. Cellular division
    1. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission
    2. The transmission of chromosomes during the division of eukaryotic cells requires a sorting process known as mitosis
  3. Sexual reproduction
    1. Meiosis produces cells that are haploid
    2. In mammals, spermatogenesis produces four haploid sperm cells and oogenesis produces a single haploid egg cell
    3. Plant species alternate between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations
  4. The chromosome theory of inheritance and sex chromosomes
    1. The chromosome theory of inheritance relates the behavior of chromosomes with the mendelian inheritance of traits
    2. Sex differences correlate with the presence of sex chromosomes
    3. Morgan’s experiments showed a connection between a genetic trait and the inheritance of a sex chromosome in drosophila
    4. The inheritance pattern of x-linked genes is not the same in reciprocal crosses
    5. Genes located on human sex chromosomes can be transmitted in an x-linked, a y-linked, or a pseudoautosomal pattern





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