Choose the best answer.

1		How is genetic transfer different from sexual reproduction?
			A)	In genetic transfer, genetic material is transferred from one individual to another.
			B)	In sexual reproduction, genetic material from two individuals is mixed equally.
			C)	In both processes, the individual donating genetic material retains their original complement of genetic material.
			D)	None of these.
2		Which method of gene transfer involves direct contact between the bacteria?
			A)	Conjugation.
			B)	Transduction.
			C)	Transformation.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of these.
3		How might the results of Bernard Davis's U tube experiment have been different if each strain were only mutant for a single gene?
			A)	There would be no difference.
			B)	Transformation by small pieces of DNA could restore gene function.
			C)	Conjugation would not be required to change the phenotype of the bacterial strains.
			D)	B and C.
			E)	None of the above.
4		The end result of F factor mediated conjugation:
			A)	is that both strains are F+.
			B)	involves transfer of the entire bacterial chromosome.
			C)	converts the recipient strain to F+ and the donor to F-.
			D)	A and B.
			E)	None of the above.
5		Which of the following is not a protein or group of proteins required for conjugation to occur?
			A)	The relaxosome.
			B)	Pilin protein.
			C)	The origin of transfer.
			D)	Coupling protein.
			E)	None of the above.
6		According to fig 6.7, approximately how many minutes would it take for an Hfr strain with an origin between cheA and pabB (oriented toward pabB) take to transfer galE?
			A)	17 minutes
			B)	23 minutes
			C)	77 minutes
			D)	117 minutes
7		Which of the following is a description of generalized transduction?
			A)	Inaccurate excision of prophage can occasionally remove a small portion of the bacterial chromosome.
			B)	Random pieces of bacterial DNA can become incorporated into a phage coat.
			C)	Pieces of bacterial DNA may be released into the culture medium when a cell is lysed.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of the above.
8		What is the best explanation for why Bernard Davis didn't observe generalized transduction in his U tube experiments?
			A)	He used genes that could not be packaged into a bacteriophage head.
			B)	He used bacterial strains that could not fit through the filter.
			C)	He used bacterial strains that did not host a prophage.
			D)	He used virulent bacteriophage.
9		A researcher would like to map the location of galE and trpA genes in a new species of bacterium that appears to be closely related to E. coli. He decides to use cotransduction, and generates appropriate donor and recipient strains. He is disappointed when cotransduction is not seen in his experiement. What is the most reasonable explanation for this situation?
			A)	His new bacterial species does not have galE or trpA genes.
			B)	His new bacterial species cannot survive galE or trpA mutation.
			C)	These two genes are too far apart to be mapped by cotransduction.
			D)	These two genes are too close together to be mapped by cotransduction.
10		Which of the following is NOT a critical function of competence factors?
			A)	Transportation of DNA fragments into bacterial cells.
			B)	Binding of DNA to a cell surface receptor.
			C)	Degradation of one strand of the transforming DNa.
			D)	Degradation of the bacterial chromosome in the presence of single standed DNA.
11		How might the function of extracellular endonucleases help protect the bacterium from infection by viruses?
			A)	They would prevent the virus from binding to the outside of the bacterial cell.
			B)	They would destroy the viral coat, so it cannot inject its genetic material.
			C)	They would cut the viral DNA into small pieces.
			D)	All of the above.
			E)	None of the above.
12		What do transduction, transformation, and conjugation have in common?
			A)	All require presence of an outside factor to facilitate gene transfer.
			B)	In all three processes, DNA is transferred as a single stranded molecule.
			C)	They all transfer large pieces of DNA into recipient cells.
			D)	All of the above.
			E)	None of the above.
13		Which type(s) of genetic transfer lead to incorporation of new DNA into the bacterial chromosome? I. Conjugation mediated by F factor II. Hfr mediated conjugation III. Transduction IV. Transformation
			A)	I and II only
			B)	III and IV only
			C)	II, III, and IV
			D)	I, II, III, and IV
			E)	None of these.
14		How would you expect a mutation in a gene encoding a tail fiber protein would affect the plaque phenotype of T4?
			A)	It could lead to very large plaques.
			B)	It would be unlikely to have an affect on plaque formation.
			C)	It could lead to smaller than normal plaques.
			D)	A and B.
			E)	None of the above.
15		In Benzer's intragenic mapping experiments, what event was required to allow production of infectious phage from rII mutants?
			A)	rII mutant strains with mutations in different genes.
			B)	Homologous recombination between phage.
			C)	Crossover within the mutant gene, between the mutations.
			D)	Crossover at one end of the mutant gene, outside the mutation.
16		In deletion mapping, mutations can be localized to a region of the gene because:
			A)	the mutation fails to complement other mutations in the gene.
			B)	the mutation fails to complement a deletion of a known portion of the gene.
			C)	the gene sequence can be determined.
			D)	A and B.
			E)	None of the above.
17		A key finding of intragenic mapping was:
			A)	that genes consist of indivisible particles, like beads on a string.
			B)	that genes do not change over time.
			C)	that genes can be modified by crossing over and mutation.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of these.
18		Conjugation involves direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another.
			A)	True
			B)	False
19		Gene transfer by conjugation converts a strain that cannot act as a donor to a strain that can initiate conjugation.
			A)	True
			B)	False
20		Hfr strains of bacteria contain F factors that include some genes from the bacterial chromosome.
			A)	True
			B)	False
21		According to Fig 6.7, argR and argG are expected to be transferred about 2 minutes apart in interrupted mating experiments.
			A)	True
			B)	False
22		Virulent phages generally follow the lysogenic cycle when infecting bacteria.
			A)	True
			B)	False
23		In generalized transduction, random bits of the bacterial chromosome are packaged in a phage head.
			A)	True
			B)	False
24		According to figure 6.7, you would expect that hipA and purL genes could frequently be cotransduced.
			A)	True
			B)	False
25		Homologous recombination is a mechanism used by bacteria to incorporate new DNA into their chromosome, if it is similar to an existing sequence.
			A)	True
			B)	False
26		Horizontal gene transfer may be mediated via conjugation but not transduction or transformation.
			A)	True
			B)	False
27		Bacteriophage may be able to infect some strains of bacteria but not others.
			A)	True
			B)	False
28		Mutations which complement each other are in the same gene.
			A)	True
			B)	False
29		Deletion mapping is more efficient but less detailed than fine structure mapping of genes.
			A)	True.
			B)	False.