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1 | |
Microbes are beneficial in all of the following activities EXCEPT: |
| | A) | producing infections. |
| | B) | to digest indigestible foods. |
| | C) | as decomposers. |
| | D) | for making cheese and sauerkraut. |
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2 | |
There are thousands of microflora that live in our bodies. How do they benefit us? |
| | A) | assist disease-causing microbes |
| | B) | cause infectious organisms to grow and reproduce |
| | C) | help us digest otherwise indigestible materials |
| | D) | rid our bodies of vitamins and minerals |
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3 | |
Diseases can be caused by __________. |
| | A) | bacteria |
| | B) | fungi |
| | C) | protozoans |
| | D) | viruses |
| | E) | All of the above are correct. |
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4 | |
Microbes that cause disease are called: |
| | A) | saprophytes. |
| | B) | pathogens. |
| | C) | parasites. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor? |
| | A) | flagella |
| | B) | adhesion factors. |
| | C) | invasive factors. |
| | D) | survival mechanisms. |
| | E) | All of the choices are virulence factors. |
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6 | |
Which virulence factor is correctly matched with its description? |
| | A) | Toxin -- breaks down connective tissue to spread. |
| | B) | Adhesion factors - a chemical when released is poisonous. |
| | C) | Capsule - for protection from phagocytosis. |
| | D) | Invasive factors - chemicals that allow bacteria to stick to cells |
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7 | |
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of a disease in a population is called: |
| | A) | infectology. |
| | B) | pathogenicity. |
| | C) | pandemology. |
| | D) | epidemiology. |
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8 | |
Which of the following is NOT a mode of pathogen transmission? |
| | A) | air-borne |
| | B) | vector-borne |
| | C) | direct contact |
| | D) | cold weather. |
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9 | |
Which mode of pathogen transmission is correctly matched to its description? |
| | A) | vector-borne - an animal |
| | B) | air-borne - inanimate substance |
| | C) | direct contact - fomites |
| | D) | vehicle - droplet nuclei |
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10 | |
Which of the following disease categories would affect the most people? |
| | A) | an endemic disease |
| | B) | an epidemic outbreak |
| | C) | a pandemic disease |
| | D) | a sporadic occurrence |
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11 | |
An infectious agent that is always present in a population describes a/an: |
| | A) | pandemic. |
| | B) | sporadic occurrence. |
| | C) | endemic disease. |
| | D) | epidemic. |
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12 | |
A host cell is critical to viral replication because the host cell |
| | A) | allows for budding of the virus. |
| | B) | enzymes make copies of the viral DNA. |
| | C) | gives the virus a place to attach. |
| | D) | proteins are made by the virus. |
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13 | |
Place the steps of viral replication in the correct order.
1 - replication 2 - release 3 - attachment
4 - biosynthesis 5 - penetration 6 - maturation |
| | A) | 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5 |
| | B) | 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2 |
| | C) | 3, 6, 1, 4, 5, 2 |
| | D) | 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 6 |
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14 | |
After a virus penetrates a host cell, what is the next step in viral infection of the cell? |
| | A) | binding of the virus to the plasma membrane |
| | B) | removal of the capsid |
| | C) | replication of viral genetic material |
| | D) | production of viral proteins |
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15 | |
Which of the following is NOT a reason for getting the flu again after you have already had it? |
| | A) | lowered resistance due to a similar cold virus |
| | B) | antigenic drift |
| | C) | antigenic shift |
| | D) | antigen changes in the capsid spikes |
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16 | |
New influenza vaccines are produced for the US based on the influenza virus seen in: |
| | A) | South America |
| | B) | Southeast Asia |
| | C) | Eastern Europe. |
| | D) | Central Africa. |
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17 | |
Virus capsids have spikes projecting from their surfaces of two antigens, ____ and ____ that are virulence factors. |
| | A) | R and D |
| | B) | N and C |
| | C) | D and H |
| | D) | N and H |
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18 | |
Herpes Simplex Virus Type - 1 (HSV-1) causes: |
| | A) | Chicken pox |
| | B) | Cold sores |
| | C) | Genital blisters. |
| | D) | shingles. |
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19 | |
Genital herpes infections caused by HSV-2 are very serious because |
| | A) | infected women cannot become pregnant. |
| | B) | these infections are often fatal to newborns. |
| | C) | they cause reoccurring cold sores. |
| | D) | they are activated by sunlight. |
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20 | |
Which of the following is NOT true about the herpes virus, varizella-zoster? |
| | A) | It can remain latent for long periods of time. |
| | B) | It causes chickenpox in children. |
| | C) | It causes cold sores in people of all ages. |
| | D) | It causes shingles in adults. |
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21 | |
Measles outbreaks sometimes occur on college campuses and spread quickly because the |
| | A) | vaccination given in infancy did not take or was given too early. |
| | B) | virus is airborne and spreads quickly in crowded conditions such as dormitories. |
| | C) | virus lives for long periods of time outside of the body on furniture. |
| | D) | Both a and b are correct. |
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22 | |
The most effective route of cold virus transmission is by: |
| | A) | hand to hand contact. |
| | B) | airborne droplets. |
| | C) | a vehicle such as water. |
| | D) | a vector such as flies. |
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23 | |
Cold viruses reside in the nasopharynx region because |
| | A) | in the nose they can fend off other competing pathogens. |
| | B) | it is warm and moist. |
| | C) | that is the first place they encounter a host organism. |
| | D) | they prefer environments slightly cooler than body temperature. |
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24 | |
Prions are proteins, yet they cause diseases. Which of the following diseases are caused by prions? |
| | A) | common cold |
| | B) | leprosy |
| | C) | mad cow disease |
| | D) | shingles |
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25 | |
Which part of the bacterial cell is sensitive to the Gram stain? |
| | A) | cell membrane |
| | B) | cell wall |
| | C) | cytoplasm |
| | D) | nuclear DNA |
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26 | |
Which genus of bacteria causes the greatest variety of human diseases? |
| | A) | Clostridium botulinum |
| | B) | E. coli |
| | C) | M. tuberculosis |
| | D) | Streptococcus |
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27 | |
A strong immune response to strep throat can lead to: |
| | A) | Scarlet fever. |
| | B) | impetigo. |
| | C) | pneumonia. |
| | D) | Rheumatic fever. |
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28 | |
Which of the following diseases is a leading cause of heart disease worldwide? |
| | A) | meningitis |
| | B) | rheumatic fever |
| | C) | scarlet fever |
| | D) | staph infection |
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29 | |
Tuberculosis affects which organ of the body? |
| | A) | heart |
| | B) | kidneys |
| | C) | lungs |
| | D) | skin |
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30 | |
TB causes lesions in the lungs called: |
| | A) | tubercles. |
| | B) | tinea. |
| | C) | endospores. |
| | D) | capsids. |
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31 | |
Food poisoning is caused by which of the following organisms? |
| | A) | Clostridium |
| | B) | Salmonella |
| | C) | Staphylococcus |
| | D) | All of the above cause food poisoning. |
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32 | |
One might know in advance that food is contaminated with Clostridium botulinum because __________. |
| | A) | people who eat the food will develop tetanus |
| | B) | the can will bulge |
| | C) | the can will smell due to the gas produced |
| | D) | there will be spores on the surface |
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33 | |
Fungi, including yeasts and molds, are responsible for all of the following diseases except one. Which disease is not caused by a fungus? |
| | A) | athlete's foot |
| | B) | oral thrush |
| | C) | ring worm |
| | D) | typhus |
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34 | |
Candida albicans is a normal part of most people's microflora. However, candidiasis is observed when this normal balance is disrupted by which of the following conditions? |
| | A) | antibiotic treatment |
| | B) | immunodeficiency diseases |
| | C) | immunosuppressive drugs |
| | D) | All of the above can disrupt the normal microflora. |
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35 | |
Which parasitic organism causes common ringworm of the scalp in humans? |
| | A) | flatworms |
| | B) | fungi |
| | C) | protozoans |
| | D) | round worms |
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36 | |
Which of the following organisms transmit malaria? |
| | A) | dead animals |
| | B) | flies |
| | C) | mosquitoes |
| | D) | All of the above can transmit malaria. |
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37 | |
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the life cycle of the Plasmodium? |
| | A) | enters human by mosquito bite --> sexual reproduction of the protozoan in the human --> liver --> damage to red blood cells |
| | B) | sexual reproduction in the human liver --> transmitted to another human by the mosquito --> enters the red blood cells which are then destroyed |
| | C) | sexual reproduction in the mosquito --> moves to human salivary glands through sting --> rapid reproduction in the salivary glands --> destruction of the liver cells |
| | D) | sexual reproduction in the mosquito --> move to mosquito salivary glands --> enters human --> damages liver and red blood cells |
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38 | |
If you were camping, which of the following methods would rid water you collected from a stream of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium? |
| | A) | boiling |
| | B) | clearing with chlorine tablets |
| | C) | filtering through sand |
| | D) | None of the above methods work, there is currently no way to cleanse the water of these organisms. |
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39 | |
Giardia infections are rampant in day-care centers because the cysts are found in ________. |
| | A) | human feces |
| | B) | the bird feeder |
| | C) | the drinking fountain water |
| | D) | untreated baby food |
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40 | |
African sleeping sickness is transmitted by the: |
| | A) | tse-tse fly. |
| | B) | mosquito. |
| | C) | tick. |
| | D) | surface waters. |
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41 | |
Which of the following are parasitic helminthes in humans? |
| | A) | Ascaris lumbricoides |
| | B) | Schistosoma |
| | C) | all flat worms and round worms |
| | D) | Only a and b are correct. |
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42 | |
Why does poor sanitation lead to widespread parasitic flat worm and round worm infections? |
| | A) | Adult worms swim in surface waters. |
| | B) | Coughing and other respiratory ailments spread the infection. |
| | C) | Intermediate host organisms only live in unclean water. |
| | D) | Round worm and flat worm eggs are carried in human feces. |
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