• The cardiovascular system consists of several parts. The system transports and exchanges substances with cells and the external environment.

1. What are the two parts of the cardiovascular system?
   Answer
2. What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
   Answer
3. How does the lymphatic system help the cardiovascular system?
   Answer

• A series of vessels delivers blood from the heart to the capillaries, where exchange of substances takes place, and then another series of vessels delivers blood from the capillaries back to the heart.

1. What are the types of blood vessels?
   Answer
2. What is the structure and function of these vessels?
   Answer

Art Labeling Activity

• Blood Vessels I
• Blood Vessels II
• Anatomy of a Capillary Bed

• The human heart is a double pump; the right side pumps blood to the lungs, and the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.
• The heartbeat rate is under intrinsic and extrinsic control.

1. Why is the heart a double pump?
   Answer
2. What keeps the heartbeat regular?
   Answer

Animation Activity

• Cardiac Cycle Blood Flow—Normal Speed
• Cardiac Cycle Blood Flow—Slow Speed
• Cardiac Cycle—Electrical
• Cardiac Cycle—Muscular

Art Labeling Activity

• External Heart Anatomy I
• External Heart Anatomy II
• External Heart Anatomy III
• Internal View of the Heart I
• Internal View of the Heart II
• Internal View of the Heart III
• Internal View of the Heart IV

Essential Study Partner

• Heart Blood Flow

• The pulse rate of a person indicates the heartbeat rate.
• Blood pressure accounts for the flow of blood in the arteries, but skeletal muscular contraction, the presence of valves, and breathing movements account for the flow of blood in the veins.

1. What does the pulse rate of a person indicate?
   Answer
2. What accounts for the flow of blood in the arteries?
   Answer
3. What accounts for the flow of blood in the veins?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Vessels and Pressure

Bioethical Focus

• Health Insurance

• The pulmonary arteries transport O 2 -poor blood to the lungs, and the pulmonary veins return O 2 -rich blood to the heart.
• The systemic circuit transports blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body and then returns it to the right atrium of the heart.

1. What is the relative oxygen content of the blood flowing in the pulmonary artery compared with that in the pulmonary vein? Explain.
   Answer
2. What is the pathway of blood in the pulmonary circuit? In the systemic circuit?
   Answer

Animation Activity

• Portal System

Art Labeling Activity

• Human Circulatory System I
• Human Circulatory System II

• Although the cardiovascular system is very efficient, it is still subject to degenerative disorders.

1. What cardiovascular disorders are common in humans and what treatments are available?
   Answer

Animation Activity

• Myocardial Infarction

Art Labeling Activity

• Plaque

General Biology Case Studies

• Blood Doping

• The lymphatic vessels form a one-way system, which transports lymph from the tissues and fat from the lacteals to certain cardiovascular veins.
• The lymphoid organs (red bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils) play critical roles in defense mechanisms.

1. How does the lymphatic system assist the cardiovascular system?
   Answer
2. What role do lymphatic organs play in purifying the lymph and the blood?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Lymphatic System

Art Labeling Activity

• Lymphatic System
• The Lymphoid Organs
• Thymus Gland
• Lymph Node
• Spleen
• Bone Marrow

Animation Activity

• Lymphatic System