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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

Waters over the continental shelves are relatively unproductive because nutrients sink to the shelf bottom and become unavailable to most producers.
A)T
B)F
2

Like most cold-water areas, the continental shelf off Antarctica is dominated by kelps.
A)T
B)F
3

There are usually more species in subtidal than in intertidal soft bottoms largely because subtidal conditions are less variable.
A)T
B)F
4

Patchy distributions of subtidal animals can develop if the larvae sense adults and prefer to settle near them.
A)T
B)F
5

Meiofauna consist exclusively of miniature versions of familiar animals that live elsewhere.
A)T
B)F
6

Animals of unvegetated subtidal soft-bottom communities in low-turbulence waters are dominated by deposit feeders such as polychaetes.
A)T
B)F
7

Because of currents providing optimal temperatures, kelp forests thrive from high latitudes to far south along the eastern coasts of continents.
A)T
B)F
8

Giant kelps grow over a depth range limited by wave action at the upper end and by light at the lower end.
A)T
B)F
9

Almost no algae grow beneath the canopy of a Pacific kelp forest because too little light penetrates the floating blades.
A)T
B)F
10

Although there are many animals in a kelp forest, none grow on the kelp itself because its mucus coating prevents adhesion.
A)T
B)F
11

Most of the productivity of the giant kelps enters the food chain as fragments (detritus) rather than as whole plants directly eaten by herbivores.
A)T
B)F
12

The primary grazers that feed directly on giant kelps are herbivorous fishes.
A)T
B)F
13

Subtidal seagrass beds are among the most productive communities in the oceans because
A)seagrasses, unlike algae, have roots capable of absorbing nutrients from the sediments.
B)all parts of a seagrass including roots are photosynthetic.
C)seagrasses have no herbivores to eat them.
D)all of the above.
14

Explosions in Pacific sea urchin populations, which lead to kelp forest destruction, are thought in part to be caused by
A)a decline in sea otters in Southern California.
B)a decline in sea otters in Alaska.
C)increased sewage in southern California.
D)all of the above.
E)both b and c.





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