Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.

1		_______ refers to the social and psychological dimensions of being female or male.
			A)	Sex
			B)	Gender
			C)	A gender role
			D)	Gender typing
2		Sex refers to the _______, whereas gender refers to the _______.
			A)	person's identity; person's role
			B)	person's role; person's identity
			C)	biological dimension; social dimension
			D)	social dimension; biological dimension
3		The main class of female sex hormones is called:
			A)	androgens.
			B)	estrogens.
			C)	oxytocins.
			D)	myotins.
4		The typical male chromosome pattern is:
			A)	YY.
			B)	XX.
			C)	XY.
			D)	XXY.
5		Children treated differently because of their gender beginning at
			A)	birth.
			B)	2 years old.
			C)	4 years old.
			D)	7 years old.
6		The research on sex hormone levels has found that sex hormones:
			A)	are related to both cognitive abilities and aggression.
			B)	are related to cognitive abilities, but aggression is learned.
			C)	are related to aggression, but cognitive abilities are learned.
			D)	play little, if any, role in an individual's cognitive abilities or aggressive behavior.
7		The emphasis of evolutionary psychology is on:
			A)	the importance of adaptation to explain psychological sex differences.
			B)	cultural evolution as the dominant type of evolution among humans.
			C)	genes as the most important determinant for survival.
			D)	physical and psychological aspects of humans as different determinants of behavior.
8		In the contemporary view of evolutionary psychology: which of the following is NOT part of the view?
			A)	emotional qualities evolved through male competition and led to a reproductive advantage for dominant males.
			B)	men sought short-term mating strategies because it allowed them to increase their reproductive advantage.
			C)	women devoted more effort to parenting and chose mates who could provide their offspring with resources or protection.
			D)	because men competed with other men for access to women, men's evolved dispositions favor violence, competition, and risk-taking.
9		In contrast to the social cognitive theory of gender, psychoanalytic theory explains gender role acquisition in terms of:
			A)	imitation.
			B)	rewards and punishments.
			C)	emotions.
			D)	peer relations.
10		Alice Eagly (2000) locates the cause of gender differences in:
			A)	biologically evolved processes.
			B)	negative cultural stereotypes.
			C)	the contrasting positions and social roles of women and men.
			D)	socially evolved processes.
11		According to _______ theory, the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the parent of the opposite sex, which the child renounces by about age 5 or 6.
			A)	social cognitive
			B)	gender schema
			C)	psychoanalytic
			D)	cognitive developmental
12		Gender schema theory:
			A)	identifies constants in the way children understand gender.
			B)	focuses on imitation as a process of gender socialization.
			C)	demonstrates how emotions contribute to gender identification.
			D)	suggests that children use sex as a basis for organizing perceptions.
13		Callie sees a man with long hair and says, "Mommy, look at the girl." Callie has not yet developed:
			A)	gender identity.
			B)	gender stereotypes.
			C)	gender schema.
			D)	gender constancy.
14		Why are many stereotypes actually myths?
			A)	Stereotypes simplify the complexity of the human world.
			B)	Stereotypes produce social reactions to individuals.
			C)	Stereotypes reflect correct beliefs about individuals.
			D)	Stereotypes overgeneralize individuals' characteristics.
15		Cassandra is assertive and nurturant. She could be described as:
			A)	feminine.
			B)	masculine.
			C)	aggressive.
			D)	androgynous.
16		Traditional masculine and feminine gender roles are_______, whereas androgyny is _______.
			A)	bidimensional; unidimensional
			B)	unidimensional; bidimensional
			C)	multidimensional; unidimensional
			D)	polydimensional; transcendensional
17		Kana is an androgynous person living in a traditional society. In this case, androgyny is probably:
			A)	adaptive.
			B)	maladaptive.
			C)	irrelevant to success.
			D)	ignored in the culture.
18		Genevieve endorses the following adjectives on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: self-reliant, cheerful, assertive, loyal, ambitious, and gentle. Bem would suggest that Genevieve's sex role is:
			A)	androgynous.
			B)	feminine.
			C)	masculine.
			D)	undifferentiated.
19		When reviewing research comparing males and females, it is important to keep in mind that:
			A)	even when differences are found, most of the individuals in the groups are virtually identical.
			B)	it is unfair to compare the groups because almost all gender differences are the result of uncontrollable biological factors.
			C)	it is only when statistically significant scores are found that you can conclude there is little overlap between male and female scores.
			D)	even when differences are reported, there is considerable overlap between the sexes.
20		Which of the following has been found in comparisons of males and females?
			A)	Females are more vulnerable than males.
			B)	Females are more likely than males to develop physical or mental disorders.
			C)	Analyses of metabolic activity in the brain show females to demonstrate greater emotionality than males.
			D)	Analyses of metabolic activity in the brain show males to demonstrate greater physical expressiveness than females.
21		Charles believes in transcending gender roles. He will raise his daughters to be:
			A)	traditionally feminine.
			B)	traditionally masculine.
			C)	androgynous.
			D)	competent human beings regardless of gender.
22		Critics of gender-role typing believe that the concept of androgyny:
			A)	is a good way of conceptualizing people.
			B)	places minority women at a disadvantage.
			C)	overemphasizes individual characteristics.
			D)	involves unnecessary stereotyping.
23		David Buss believes that _______ not only shapes our physical features but also influences our decision making, aggressive behavior, fears, and mating patterns.
			A)	adaptation
			B)	instinct
			C)	evolution
			D)	genetics
24		Cross-cultural research has demonstrated that:
			A)	females are more likely than males to help when a perceived danger is present.
			B)	females are more likely than males to help when they feel competent to help.
			C)	males are more likely than females to do volunteer work.
			D)	in cultures where boys and girls both care for younger siblings on a regular basis, they show similar tendencies to nurture.
25		Deborah Tannen analyzed the talk of men and women and found that, compared to women, men more commonly engage in _______ talk, in order to _______.
			A)	rapport; inform
			B)	report; inform
			C)	rapport; interact
			D)	report; interact
26		According to Deborah Tannen's (1990) analysis of the talk of women and men:
			A)	lack of communication is high on men's list of reasons for divorce.
			B)	men use talk for information, women use it for interaction.
			C)	men are more likely to engage in rapport talk, whereas women are more likely to engage in report talk.
			D)	it is extremely unlikely that men and women will be able to make the giant leap across the communication gap.
27		According to Joseph Pleck's (1981, 1995) role-strain view:
			A)	men need to allow women into the workforce to alleviate men's burden.
			B)	the male role is contradictory and inconsistent.
			C)	men have become workaholics out of their macho need to provide for their families.
			D)	nurturing and being sensitive to others is now being viewed as a way for men to improve their lives.
28		In terms of parental influences on their children's gender development:
			A)	fathers usually want their sons to behave independently and engage in rough-and-tumble play.
			B)	mothers are more likely to engage in playful interaction.
			C)	mothers are more likely to be given responsibility for ensuring that their children conform to cultural norms.
			D)	fathers are more involved than mothers in socializing their children.
29		The gender intensification hypothesis states that _______ differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because of increased socialization pressures to conform to traditional gender roles.
			A)	psychological and behavioral
			B)	intellectual and emotional
			C)	sexual and emotional
			D)	physical and sexual
30		Studies on gender roles have found that in middle and later adulthood:
			A)	men feel they must engage in masculine behaviors to feed and protect their families.
			B)	women must engage in feminine behaviors by nurturing and caring for their families.
			C)	men become more active and less sensitive in relationships.
			D)	men become more "feminine" by engaging in traditionally feminine traits.
31		Who is the best example of the concept of "triple jeopardy"?
			A)	Maximilian, who is 75 years old, White, and male.
			B)	Mattia, who is 75 years old, African-American, and female.
			C)	Carlos, who is 15 years old, Latino, and male.
			D)	Yeh, who is 15 years old, Asian, and female.
32		Sexual motivation in humans is influenced by:
			A)	hormones.
			B)	cultural factors.
			C)	both hormones and cultural factors.
			D)	hormones, cultural factors, and education.
33		_______ scripts are stereotyped patterns of expectancies for how people should behave sexually.
			A)	Sexual
			B)	Dating
			C)	Traditional
			D)	Romantic
34		Sue believes that she should wait until she is married to have sex. This is an example of:
			A)	a romantic script.
			B)	a feminine sexual script.
			C)	a traditional religious script.
			D)	an extramarital sex script.
35		In 1994, Robert Michael and colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. It was found that Americans' sexual lives are _______ than previously believed.
			A)	more conservative
			B)	less conservative
			C)	more active
			D)	less active
36		Sexual orientation refers to:
			A)	the object of one's desire.
			B)	one's feelings about one's own sexuality.
			C)	the societal implications of being male or female.
			D)	the moral code that determines one's sexual behavior.
37		What do researchers believe today about the causes of sexual orientation?
			A)	It is primarily biological.
			B)	It is primarily due to learning and experience.
			C)	It is primarily due to social and emotional factors.
			D)	They really do not understand how all of the factors interact to determine sexual orientation.
38		The most common of all sexually transmitted diseases is:
			A)	syphilis.
			B)	gonorrhea.
			C)	chlamydia.
			D)	genital herpes.
39		Which STI is asymptomatic in women?
			A)	genital herpes
			B)	HPV
			C)	syphilis
			D)	chlamydia
40		A few days after having intercourse, Donald notices sores around his genital area. Donald is MOST likely suffering from:
			A)	gonorrhea.
			B)	genital herpes.
			C)	syphilis.
			D)	HIV.
41		Which of the following offers the most protection against HIV?
			A)	abstinence from sex
			B)	protected sex
			C)	sex between married partners
			D)	sex between consenting adults
42		Sexual harassment is:
			A)	a manifestation of power and domination of one person over another.
			B)	so blatant that it is hard to miss.
			C)	becoming less prevalent because of awareness.
			D)	less prevalent than the media would have us believe.
43		Feminists today believe that rape is too common in American culture and is mostly caused by:
			A)	the passivity of women.
			B)	the way men are socialized to be sexually aggressive.
			C)	hormonal imbalances that increase aggression in men.
			D)	biological and genetic factors that predispose men to commit violent crimes.
44		Which of the following is TRUE concerning rape?
			A)	A man cannot rape his wife.
			B)	Rape is a traumatic experience for the victim and those close to her.
			C)	Men cannot be raped.
			D)	Many women actually want to be raped.
45		With respect to use of contraceptives:
			A)	adolescent girls are increasing their use, but adolescent boys are decreasing their use.
			B)	adolescent boys are increasing their use, but adolescent girls are decreasing their use.
			C)	both adolescent boys and girls are increasing their use.
			D)	both adolescent boys and girls are decreasing their use.
46		The teenage birth rate in the United States:
			A)	is lower now than it was in the 1950s and 1960s.
			B)	is about the same as it was in the 1950s and 1960s.
			C)	is higher than it was in the 1950s and 1960s.
			D)	has been growing steadily since the 1950s.
47		The idea that menopause causes depression, loss of sexual desire, and psychological disturbance is:
			A)	largely just a myth.
			B)	true for most women.
			C)	true for about half of all women.
			D)	true only for women who have given birth.
48		When we see studies that report that women do experience psychological and physical difficulty because of menopause, we should keep in mind that most of these studies have been conducted with women who are:
			A)	older than 60.
			B)	receiving hormone replacement therapy.
			C)	entering menopause at a very early age.
			D)	seeking help from physicians and other professionals.
49		Evidence suggests that male menopause is:
			A)	psychological rather than physical.
			B)	physical rather than psychological.
			C)	beginning to appear at an earlier age than before.
			D)	due more to a loss of androgen than to a loss of testosterone.
50		What type of hormonal changes do middle-aged men experience?
			A)	loss of their capacity to father children
			B)	modest increase in sexual activity
			C)	psychological adjustment to declining physical energy
			D)	a dramatic drop in testosterone levels
51		When compared to that in early adulthood, sexual activity during middle adulthood is:
			A)	more frequent.
			B)	less frequent.
			C)	about the same.
			D)	more dependent on physical activity.
52		A study by Matthias et al. (1997) of more than 1,200 adults with a mean age of 77 found that:
			A)	over half of them had participated in sexual activity in the past month.
			B)	two-thirds were satisfied with their current level of sexual activity.
			C)	almost 75 percent of them had discontinued having sex within the past 5 years.
			D)	the men were more sexually active than the women.