Kingsley R. Stern,
California State University, Chico
Stems
Chapter Outline
External Form of a Woody Twig
Origin and Development of Stems
Tissue Patterns in Stems
Steles
Herbaceous Dicotyledonous Stems
Woody Dicotyledonous Stems
Monocotyledonous Stems
Specialized Stems
Rhizomes
Runners and Stolons
Tubers
Bulbs
Corms
Cladophylls
Other Specialized Stems
Wood and Its Uses
Density
Durability
Types of Sawing
Knots
Wood Products
Summary