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1

True or false. The immune systems of invertebrates have two parts, innate and adaptive immunity.
A)True
B)False
2

The three major types of cytokines in vertebrates include all of these except __________.
A)interleukins
B)cecropins
C)interferons
D)tumor necrosis factor
3

True or false. Many vertebrate immune system components have invertebrate counterparts.
A)True
B)False
4

Insects make many types of antimicrobial peptides called _____________.
A)complement
B)interferon
C)defensins
D)interleukins
5

Adaptive immunity first appeared 450 million years ago in the _____________.
A)sharks and rays
B)echinoderms
C)sponges
D)jawless fishes
6

Nonspecific mechanisms that prevent attack by foreign microorganisms include ____________.
A)skin
B)mucus
C)earwax
D)stomach acid
E)All of these are correct
7

Histamines cause blood vessels to dilate, allowing white blood cells access to the injury. What cells release histamines?
A)phagocytes
B)mast cells
C)lymphocytes
D)macrophages
8

There are two main consequences of fever. More active phagocytosis is one. What is the other?
A)blood iron is less available
B)cytokines are more active
C)swelling allows more plasma to enter the infected area
D)blood pressure decreases
9

_____________ that encode for self proteins associated with adaptive defenses are part of the major histocompatibility complex.
A)Antibodies
B)Macrophages
C)Genes
D)Collectins
10

Foreign bodies that elicit antibody production are called _____________.
A)bacteria
B)antibodies
C)antigens
D)aliens
11

Long-lived B cells that are able to respond rapidly to an antigen are given the name _____________.
A)plasma cells
B)memory B cells
C)helper T cells
D)activated cells
12

True or false. Antibodies bind to specific antigens along their constant regions.
A)True
B)False
13

The cellular immune response begins when a helper T cell recognizes a ____________ with a bound non-self antigen on its surface.
A)macrophage
B)tumor necrosis factor
C)white blood cell
D)body cell
14

True or false. About 1% of people have defective CD4 receptors and cannot contract HIV no matter how many times they are exposed.
A)True
B)False
15

Diseases in which the immune system turns against the body’s own cells are called ___________ diseases.
A)allergic
B)immune
C)viral
D)autoimmune
16

Substances that trigger allergic reactions are called ____________.
A)allergens
B)antigens
C)antibodies
D)antihistamines
17

The most common treatment of anaphylactic shock is ___________.
A)drinking a beverage with caffeine
B)injection with adrenaline
C)tracheotomy
D)treatment with penicillin
18

Which agent is used in immunotherapy?
A)monoclonal antibodies
B)interferon
C)interleukin-2
D)All of these are correct.





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