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| cell membrane cytoskeleton phospholipid hydrophilic hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer myelin membrane protein transport protein cellular adhesion molecule receptor protein fluid-mosaic model concentration diffusion concentration gradient dynamic equilibrium semipermeable membrane osmosis solute solvent isotonic hypotonic hypertonic turgor pressure contractile vacuole channel carrier pump facilitated diffusion passive transport active transport sodium-potassium pump cotransport symporter antiporter exocytosis endocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis ligand transcytosis endosome motor molecule microtubule microfilament intermediate filament tubulin dimer nanometer cilia flagella dynein actin myosin spectrin ankyrin laminin extracellular matrix cell-cell junction tight junction blood-brain barrier desmosome chondroitin gap junction cell wall cellulose microfibril hemicellulose pectin secondary cell wall middle lamella plasmodesmata cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) selectin integrin adhesion receptor protein signal transduction cAMP first messenger regulator protein second messenger |