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Chapter 9: Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA
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1
Which of the following statements about the DNA used by Dr. Mary-Claire King to identify the relatives of orphaned children is INCORRECT?
A)A highly variable sequence of mitochondrial DNA was used.
B)Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother.
C)Mitochondrial DNA is the same in siblings, mother, and maternal grandmother.
D)Mitochondrial DNA contains highly conserved sequences that are used to identify relatives.
E)All the statements above are correct.
2
An advantage of proteins made by genetically modified microorganisms is that they are
A)cheaper to produce than proteins extracted from animal or cadaver tissues.
B)safer to use than proteins that have been purified from pooled blood.
C)less likely to induce allergic reactions.
D)less likely to be contaminated with human viruses.
E)All of the above are correct.
3
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Bt-toxin cloned into transgenic plants?
A)It is toxic to insects and their larvae.
B)It is toxic to weeds.
C)It is a protoxin.
D)It is not active until it is processed in an insect's gut.
E)It is naturally produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis as it forms endospores.
4
Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is FALSE?
A)Restriction enzymes are named for the bacterial strain from which they were originally isolated.
B)Restriction enzymes recognize palindromes.
C)If a restriction enzyme cuts in the center of its recognition sequence it will generate blunt ends.
D)If a restriction enzyme cuts off the center of its recognition sequence it will generate blunt ends.
E)All of the statements above are correct.
5
An ideal cloning vector will
A)replicate inside a cell.
B)contain a selectable marker such as antibiotic resistance.
C)contain a second genetic marker that will indicate the vector contains an insert.
D)contain the recognition sites for many restriction enzymes.
E)All of the above are correct.
6
E. coli makes a good host for cloning for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A)There are many well characterized laboratory strains.
B)It is easy to grow.
C)It processes the proteins exactly like eukaryotic cells.
D)Much is known about the genetics and biochemistry of E. coli.
E)Most of the laboratory strains are weak and cannot grow in conditions found outside of the laboratory.
7
If the cloning vector contains a selectable marker for penicillin resistance and the lacZ' gene as a second marker, the desired recombinants will be
A)blue colonies that are sensitive to penicillin.
B)blue colonies that are resistant to penicillin.
C)white colonies that are sensitive to penicillin.
D)white colonies that are resistant to penicillin.
E)None of the above.
8
What makes the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens useful in genetically engineering plants?
A)The plasmid replicates to a high copy number in both bacterial and plant cells.
B)The plasmid contains tumor-producing genes that can be used as a selectable marker.
C)The plasmid is naturally transferred inside of plant cells and integrates into their chromosomes.
D)The plasmid becomes an artificial chromosome once inside the plant cell.
E)The plasmid contains an antibiotic resistance gene.
9
A viral cloning vector that integrates into the DNA of the host
A)may disrupt the function or regulation of genes.
B)remains as a permanent part of the cell.
C)inserts randomly into the chromosome.
D)will not function in both plant and animal cells.
E)All of the above.
10
All of the following have to be part of a vector for cloning and expressing eukaryotic genes in bacteria EXCEPT:
A)origin of replication.
B)intron.
C)ribosome binding site.
D)promoter.
E)operator.
11
Which of the following sets of terms is mismatched?
A)Northern blot - RNA.
B)Southern blot - DNA.
C)Western blot - protein.
D)Colony blot - DNA.
E)All of the above are correct.
12
A Southern blot would not help with which one of the following applications?
A)location of homologous sequences.
B)simplify cloning a gene.
C)distinguish among different strains of bacteria.
D)DNA fingerprinting.
E)A Southern blot would help with all of the above.
13
Place the following steps of a Southern blot in the correct order.
1. Transfer the DNA to a solid membrane.
2. Digest the DNA with restriction enzymes.
3. Denature the DNA.
4. Separate the DNA fragments using gel electrophoresis.
5. Allow radioactive probe to hybridize with complementary sequences.
6. Detect probe with autoradiography.
7. Isolate DNA from cells.
A)1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
B)7,3,4,2,1,5,6.
C)7,1,2,3,4.5,6.
D)7,2,4,3,1,5,6
E)7,4,2,3,1,5,6.
14
Autoradiography is used in all of the following assays EXCEPT:
A)PCR.
B)colony blot.
C)DNA fingerprinting.
D)DNA sequencing.
E)Southern blot.
15
Automated DNA sequencing differs from manual sequencing, because automated sequencing uses
A)ddNTPs.
B)radioactive labels.
C)fluorescent dye.
D)gel electrophoresis.
E)Taq polymerase.
16
Which of the following ingredients is NOT used in a polymerase chain reaction?
A)primers.
B)deoxynucleotides.
C)dideoxynucleotides.
D)Taq polymerase.
E)target DNA.
17
What unusual characteristic allows Taq polymerase to be used in PCR?
A)It is less sensitive to contaminants than other polymerases.
B)It is stable at 95°C.
C)It requires a primer to begin synthesis of new strand of DNA.
D)It adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the DNA primer.
E)It can synthesize DNA from an RNA template.
18
After 10 amplification cycles of PCR, there will be ____ double-stranded DNA molecules for every original double-stranded target.
A)10.
B)20.
C)100.
D)1024.
E)2048.
19
The product of PCR can be visualized by using
A)autoradiography.
B)ethidium bromide stained gel.
C)radioactive primers.
D)a spectrophotometer.
E)All of the above.
20
DNA chips are used
A)in transformation.
B)to make transgenic animals.
C)to study gene expression.
D)to study introns.
E)to transfer DNA into eukaryotic cells.
21
A graduate student is working with a vector containing the lacZ gene. She notices that all of her colonies are blue after a transformation trial. Which of the following best explains her observation?
A)The transformation was successful.
B)The vector did not take up the insert.
C)The insert made its way into all the vector's plasmids.
D)The bacteria were dying.
E)The bacteria somehow degraded the vector.
22
A scientist placed a plasmid containing a plant gene into E. coli, hoping to get the bacterium to produce a particular plant protein. He noticed that the protein was not being produced. Rather, a new protein was being made by the bacteria. Which is the most probable explanation for this observation?
A)The plasmid was not taken up by the plant cells.
B)The gene mutated during transformation.
C)There was an inconsistency in the genetic codes of the plant and bacteria.
D)The plasmid was methylated.
E)Introns were not removed from the eukaryotic gene.
23
A graduate student spent most of the day attaching a particular sequence of DNA of gold particles. The student is correct to surmise that they will be introducing the DNA into cells using the following strategy:
A)Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation.
B)A lacZ vector transformation system.
C)A gene gun.
D)Electrophoresis.
E)DNA hybridization.
24
A graduate student was asked to construct some nucleic acid probes for a research study. Which of the following procedures will she be using the probes for?
A)Northern blotting.
B)Western blotting.
C)Automated DNA synthesis.
D)PCR.
E)DNA sequencing.
25
DNA can be hybridized with which of the following molecules?
A)RNA.
B)DNA.
C)Proteins.
D)DNA and RNA.
E)All of the above.





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