1 The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____.A) the sameness of living things B) the diversity of living things C) both A and B 2 Which of the following is considered a macromolecule?A) nucleic acid B) amino acid C) fatty acid D) none of the above 3 Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________.A) carbon and nitrogen B) hydrogen and carbon C) hydrogen and phosphorus D) carbon and potassium 4 Inorganic molecules do not affect living things.A) True B) False 5 Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules?A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) salts D) nucleic acids 6 Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water.A) True B) False 7 Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms.A) two B) four C) six D) eight 8 Functional groups of organic molecules __________.A) determine the polarity of an organic molecule B) have specific chemical characteristics C) can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another D) all of the above 9 The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________.A) condensation synthesis B) ionization C) hydrolysis D) phagocytosis 10 During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed.A) True B) False 11 Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer?A) monosaccharide - polysaccharide B) nucleic acid - polypeptide C) nucleotide - nucleic acid D) amino acid - polypeptide 12 During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond.A) starch B) cholesterol C) water D) DNA 13 Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation.A) True B) False 14 Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way.A) True B) False 15 Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms.A) True B) False 16 Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______.A) ribose B) glucose C) phospholipid D) starch 17 A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______.A) hydrolysis B) condensation 18 Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?A) chitin B) starch C) lactose D) fructose 19 Cellulose is easily digested by humans.A) True B) False 20 Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest.A) cellulose B) lactose C) starch D) glucose 21 Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots.A) cellulose B) glycogen C) chitin D) starch 22 Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates?A) energy storage B) identification of cell type C) plant cell wall support D) all of the above 23 Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers?A) glucose B) chitin C) glycogen D) maltose 24 Animal cells store extra glucose as _____.A) starch B) chitin C) cellulose D) glycogen 25 Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____.A) DNA B) RNA 26 Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____.A) oils B) waxes C) sugars D) proteins 27 Which best describes a saturated fat?A) many C=C bonds in its fatty acids B) liquid at room temperature C) animal origin D) all of the above 28 Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature.A) True B) False 29 After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____.A) many amino acids B) different types of nucleotides C) fatty acids and glycerol D) monosaccharides and disaccharides 30 Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease.A) True B) False 31 Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids?A) speed up chemical reactions B) insulation C) plasma membrane component D) long-term energy storage 32 Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups.A) hydrophobic B) hydrophilic C) inert 33 _____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss.A) oils B) steroids waxes C) phospholipids 34 Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids).A) True B) False 35 The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____.A) phospholipids B) waxes C) fats D) all of the above 36 The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease.A) True B) False 37 Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______.A) saturated fats B) proteins C) carbohydrates D) cholesterol 38 Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?A) It is a steroid. B) It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. C) It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. D) all of the above 39 Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape?A) temperature B) pH C) either A or B 40 The monomers of proteins are _____.A) amino acids B) monosaccharides C) glycerol D) nucleotides 41 Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents?A) hormones B) transport proteins C) enzymes D) antibodies 42 Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.A) True B) False 43 The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____.A) amino group B) R group C) carboxyl group 44 When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat.A) True B) False 45 The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____.A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) tertiary structure D) quaternary structure 46 All proteins have four levels of structure.A) True B) False 47 The bond between two amino acids is ______.A) formed by hydrolysis B) an ionic bond C) nonpolar D) know as a peptide bond 48 The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____.A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) tertiary structure D) quaternary structure 49 Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function.A) True B) False 50 Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger?A) hormone B) antibody C) enzyme 51 DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded.A) True B) False 52 In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases.A) True B) False 53 Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide?A) a pentose sugar B) phosphate C) peptide bonds D) a nitrogen-containing base 54 Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____.A) polypeptides B) nucleic acids C) polysaccharides D) lipids 55 ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken.A) True B) False 56 The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases.A) ionic bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) covalent bonds 57 The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____.A) adenosine triphosphate B) guanine C) thymine D) cytosine 58 The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____.A) ATP B) RNA C) DNA 59 DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).A) one B) two C) three D) four 60 How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of glucose, C6 H12 O6 ?A) 1 B) 6 C) 12 D) 24 61 The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA.A) True B) False