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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The construction of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of cardiovascular arteries.
A)True
B)False
2
The lymphatic system _____.
A)takes excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream
B)absorbs fats at the intestinal villi and transports them to the bloodstream
C)defends the body against disease
D)all of the above
3
The movement of lymph within lymphatic vessels is dependent upon _____.
A)the heartbeat
B)skeletal muscle contraction
C)both A and B
4
The first lymphoid organ(s) to encounter pathogens and antigens that enter the body by way of the nose and mouth is/are the _____.
A)spleen
B)thymus gland
C)tonsils
D)lymph nodes
5
The lymph is cleansed by _____.
A)macrophages in lymph nodes
B)the spleen
C)the thymus gland
D)all of the above
6
The thymus gland is larger in adults than in children.
A)True
B)False
7
A person can survive without their spleen, but may be slightly more susceptible to infections.
A)True
B)False
8
The blood is cleaned by the _____.
A)lymph nodes
B)spleen
C)thymus gland
D)tonsils
9
Edema results when too much tissue fluid is made and not enough is drained away.
A)True
B)False
10
White blood cells are produced by the _____.
A)red bone marrow
B)spleen
C)thymus gland
D)all of the above
11
T lymphocytes mature in the _____.
A)thyroid gland
B)tibia
C)testes
D)thymus gland
12
Lymphatic vessels have valves in them to prevent backflow.
A)True
B)False
13
Worn out and damaged red blood cells are removed from the blood by the _____.
A)liver
B)kidneys
C)spleen
D)thymus gland
14
Which of the following is a nonspecific defense?
A)barriers to entry
B)inflammatory reactions
C)protective proteins
D)all of the above
15
Which bars entry to pathogens?
A)ciliated cells of the respiratory tract
B)acid pH of the stomach
C)bacteria residing in certain organs
D)all of the above
16
Nonspecific defenses are effective against _____.
A)viruses only
B)gram positive bacteria only
C)may types of infectious agents
D)protozoans and parasitic fungi
17
The redness associated with the inflammatory reaction is a result of _____.
A)enlarged capillaries
B)a increase in tissue fluid production
C)increased phagocytosis
D)the stimulation of free nerve endings
18
Pain is associated with the inflammatory reaction because the increased swelling stimulates free nerve endings.
A)True
B)False
19
The complement system suppresses the inflammatory response.
A)True
B)False
20
Pus contains _____.
A)dead neutrophils
B)bacteria
C)dead tissue
D)all of the above
21
Non-specific phagocytosis is done by _____.
A)neutrophils
B)macrophages
C)lymphocytes
D)both A and B
22
Human interferon is a protein _____.
A)produced when there is a bacterial infection
B)that causes noninfected cells to prepare for possible attack
C)that can be used in a variety of species
D)all of the above
23
Interferon is a protein produced by virus-infected cells.
A)True
B)False
24
Which of the following is not associated with nonspecific defenses?
A)natural killer cells
B)neutrophils
C)inflammatory reaction
D)B and T lymphocytes
25
Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation?
A)red
B)swollen
C)cold
D)painful
26
The phagocytosis of pathogen by a neutrophil or a macrophage is ensured by the binding of _____ to the pathogen.
A)interferon
B)IgE
C)histamine
D)complement
27
Phagocytic cells contain a number of _____ which destory engulfed bacteria with hydrolytic enzymes.
A)lysosomes
B)chloroplasts
C)ribosomes
D)plastids
28
Antigens are only associated with microbes.
A)True
B)False
29
The immune system can tell self from nonself.
A)True
B)False
30
Immunity is primarily the result of the action of _____.
A)B lymphocytes
B)T lymphocytes
C)both A and B
31
B cells give rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies.
A)True
B)False
32
T cells _____.
A)attack cells bearing antigens
B)regulate the immune response
C)produce antibodies
D)both A and B
33
Long-term immunity is provided by _____.
A)plasma B cells
B)helper T cells
C)memory B cells
D)cytotoxic T cells
34
Which is the main antibody type in circulation?
A)IgG
B)IgM
C)IgD
35
Which region determines the specificity of the antibody?
A)the constant region
B)the variable region
C)both A and B
36
The constant region of an antibody is the same for all antibodies.
A)True
B)False
37
Antibodies are found in _____.
A)blood
B)breast milk
C)lymph
D)all of the above
38
B cells _____.
A)mature in the thymus gland
B)directly attack antigen bearing cells
C)create humoral immunity
D)all of the above
39
B cells are stimulated to divide _____.
A)by helper T cell secretions
B)when its receptors are bound by an antigen
C)both A and B
40
An antigen binds with an antibody at the antigen-binding site in a lock and key manner.
A)True
B)False
41
Which T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
A)helper T cells.
B)cytotoxic T cells.
C)memory T cells.
42
The _____ are disabled by the HIV virus.
A)plasma B cells
B)memory B cells
C)helper T cells
43
Receptors are found on _____.
A)T cells
B)B cells
C)both A and B
44
If antigens are not presented to cytotoxic and helper T cells by an antigen-presenting cells, the antigens will not be recognized.
A)True
B)False
45
Cytotoxic T cells release _____ which causes virus-infected or cancer cells to rupture.
A)interferon
B)IgG
C)histamine
D)perforin
46
Human leukocyte associated antigens _____.
A)are self antigens
B)make it difficult to transplant tissue from one person to another
C)contribute to the specificity of tissues
D)all of the above
47
T-cell cancers like lymphomas and leukemias can result from the absence of apoptosis.
A)True
B)False
48
Specific immunity _____.
A)depends on the activity of neutrophils and macrophages
B)recognizes very specific antigens on the pathogens
C)is amplified by the complement system
D)all of the above
49
People with HIV die from one or more opportunistic diseases and not from the HIV infection itself.
A)True
B)False
50
There is evidence of _____ defenses in invertebrates.
A)nonspecific
B)specific
C)both A and B
51
Specific defenses appear to be unique to vertebrates.
A)True
B)False
52
In which type of immunity does the individual produce antibodies?
A)active immunity
B)passive immunity
C)both A and B
53
Infants acquire _____ immunity from breast feeding.
A)passive
B)active
C)cell-mediated
54
Which of the following results in passive immunity?
A)placental transfer of antibodies from the mom to the fetus
B)vaccination
C)infection by a pathogen
D)all of the above
55
Active immunity _____.
A)results in long term immunity
B)is dependent on the presence of memory B cells
C)ensures the next exposure to the antigen results in a quicker immune response
D)all of the above
56
Antibodies are produced immediately after the first exposure to an antigen.
A)True
B)False
57
Which of the following can be used as a vaccine?
A)the pathogen itself
B)a product of the pathogen
C)genetically engineered proteins from pathogens
D)all of the above
58
Monoclonal antibodies are used _____.
A)to identify infections
B)for selective destruction of tumors
C)to determine if a woman is pregnant
D)all of the above
59
Activated B lymphocytes are fused with a malignant plasma cells to make monoclonal antibodies.
A)True
B)False
60
Shots of gamma globulin _____.
A)can cause serum sickness
B)provide immediate immunity to someone unexpectedly exposed to an infectious disease
C)provide short term immunity
D)all of the above
61
A booster _____.
A)is the first exposure to an antigen
B)quickly stimulates a high titer of antibodies
C)is a shot of gamma globulin
D)none of the above
62
The _____ response to an antigen results in a higher concentration of plasma antibodies.
A)primary
B)secondary
63
Exposure to an antigen results in _____ immunity.
A)active
B)passive
64
Autoimmune diseases occur when _____.
A)antibodies attack the body's own tissue
B)there is an overproduction of antibodies
C)antigens are left alone by antibodies
65
Autoimmune diseases can be controlled with medication, but there are no cures for them.
A)True
B)False
66
An attack on the myelin sheath around nerve fibers and various neuromuscular disorders is associated with the autoimmune disease _____.
A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)multiple sclerosis
C)systemic lupus
D)AIDS
67
Anaphylatic shock can occur within seconds of exposure to the allergen.
A)True
B)False
68
One type of immediate allergic response is caused by _____ antibodies attached to mast cells and basophils.
A)IgA
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgM
69
Allergies occur when the immune system _____.
A)is repressed
B)reacts to environmental substances that would not harm the body
C)attacks the body's own cells
D)none of the above
70
A positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test is an example of a delayed allergic response.
A)True
B)False
71
Sensitized T cells initiate _____.
A)delayed allergic responses
B)immediate allergic responses
C)autoimmune diseases
D)all of the above
72
Blood typing in the ABO system is based on _____ antigen(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
73
Blood type _____ has neither the A antigen nor the B antigen on red blood cells.
A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O
74
A person with type B blood has _____ antibodies in his/her plasma.
A)no
B)anti-A
C)anti-B
D)both B and C
75
Rh-negative individuals normally do not have antibodies to the Rh factor, but they may make them when exposed to the Rh factor during pregnancy or blood transfusion.
A)True
B)False
76
Rho-gam injections contain Rh antigens and are given to Rh negative women to stimulate anti-Rh antibody production.
A)True
B)False
77
In which of these scenarios, does the potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn exist?
A)Rh positive mother pregnant with an Rh negative child.
B)Rh positive mother pregnant with an Rh positive child.
C)Rh negative mother pregnant with an Rh negative child.
D)Rh negative mother pregnant with an Rh positive child.
78
When an allergen binds to IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils _____ is/are released which cause(s) the coldlike symptoms.
A)interferon
B)cytokines
C)histamine
D)complement
79
Tissue rejection occurs because _____ bring about destruction of the foreign tissues.
A)memory T cells
B)neutrophils
C)cytotoxic T cells
D)red blood cells
80
The risk of tissue and organ rejection can be minimized by _____.
A)the use of immunosuppressive drugs
B)transplanting an organ with the same type HLA antigens as those of the recipient
C)performing autotransplants when possible
D)all of the above





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