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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The excretory system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis.
A)True
B)False
2
Which of the following lacks an excretory organ?
A)hydra
B)planaria
C)insects
D)earthworm
3
Excretion and defecation have the same basic meaning.
A)True
B)False
4
Marine invertebrates and cartilaginous fish have body fluids nearly isotonic to seawater.
A)True
B)False
5
Cellular respiration produces water which is one way water enters the body.
A)True
B)False
6
Water is lost from the body through _____.
A)feces formation
B)excretion
C)evaporation
D)all of the above
7
When there are differences in osmolarity between two regions, water tends to move in to the region with the lower amount of ions.
A)True
B)False
8
The regulation of body fluids is dependent upon the concentration of _____.
A)potassium ions
B)bicarbonate ions
C)chlorine ions
D)all of the above
9
The body fluids of _____ are hypertonic to their environment, and they are prone to passively gain water.
A)freshwater bony fish
B)marine bony fish
C)sharks
10
Some fish move between freshwater and marine water environments during their life cycles.
A)True
B)False
11
A nasal salt gland allows _____ that live near the sea to excrete large volumes of concentrated salt solution.
A)reptiles
B)birds
C)both A and B
12
The kangaroo rat is so well adapted to conserving water it can survive using only metabolic water produced during cellular respiration.
A)True
B)False
13
Which of these is a metabolic waste?
A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrogenous waste
C)both A and B
14
Water is not needed to excrete ammonia.
A)True
B)False
15
Amino groups may be excreted as _____.
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
D)all of the above
16
A fairly constant amount of energy is required for the conversion of amino groups to ammonia, urea, or uric acid.
A)True
B)False
17
Which of the following requires the greatest amount of energy to produce?
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
D)amino groups
18
Amino groups are formed by the hydrolysis of _____.
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)nucleic acids
D)lipids
19
Which of the following conserves the most water?
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
20
Urea is produced by the _____.
A)kidneys
B)liver
C)spleen
D)large intestine
21
Ammonia can be used as a nitrogenous excretory product only if a good deal of water is available to wash it away from the body.
A)True
B)False
22
Which of the following is the least toxic nitrogenous waste?
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
23
Organisms that produce embryos that develop in shelled eggs tend to produce ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste.
A)True
B)False
24
Terrestrial amphibians and mammals generally produce _____ as their main nitrogenous waste.
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
25
The addition of a hydrogen ion to an amino group easily forms _____.
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
26
The most toxic nitrogenous waste produced by some animals is _____.
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
27
Which of the following routinely produces ammonia as its primary nitrogenous waste?
A)cats.
B)bony fish
C)birds
D)insects
28
Some amino acids not used for synthesis by the body are oxidized to generate energy.
A)True
B)False
29
Which of the following conserves water by producing uric acid as their primary nitrogenous waste?
A)birds
B)amphibians
C)humans
D)none of the above
30
Nephridia are observed in _____.
A)planaria
B)insects
C)fish
D)earthworms
31
Malpighian tubules are attached to the _____.
A)bladder
B)gut
C)body wall
32
The flame cell system functions in _____.
A)excreting wastes
B)osmotic regulation
C)both A and B
33
Nearly every segment in an earthworm has a pair of excretory structures called nephridia.
A)True
B)False
34
Uric acid leaves the body of insects at the spiracles.
A)True
B)False
35
The excretory organs in planaria are called _____.
A)nephridia
B)flame cells
C)malpighian tubules
36
Insects that live in dry environments excrete a dry semisolid mass of _____.
A)uric acid
B)urea
C)ammonia
37
Urine is produced by the _____.
A)kidneys
B)liver
C)spleen
D)bladder
38
The ureter carries urine to the urinary bladder.
A)True
B)False
39
In males, the urethra transports _____.
A)urine
B)sperm
C)both A and B
40
In a normal human, there are two _____.
A)kidneys
B)urethras
C)both A and B
41
In females, the urinary system is connected to the _____.
A)reproductive system
B)immune system
C)digestive system
D)none of the above
42
The _____ transports blood with nitrogenous waste to the kidneys for filtration.
A)renal artery
B)renal vein
C)pulmonary artery
D)pulmonary vein
43
Urine is temporarily stored in the _____ until it is voided.
A)gallbladder
B)renal pelvis
C)urinary bladder
D)ureters
44
In females, the urethra opens ventral to the vaginal opening.
A)True
B)False
45
The microscopic portion of the kidney is the renal _____.
A)cortex
B)pelvis
C)medulla
D)none of the above
46
Nephrons are located in the renal _____.
A)pelvis
B)cortex
C)medulla
D)both B and C
47
The kidneys are composed of approximately one million microscopic _____.
A)flame cells
B)nephrons
C)malpighian tubules
D)nephridia
48
Urine travels in collecting ducts to the _____.
A)urinary bladder
B)urethra
C)renal pelvis
D)gallbladder
49
Urine formation requires _____.
A)pressure filtration
B)reabsorption
C)tubular secretion
D)all of the above
50
ADH is associated with _____.
A)glucose balance
B)water balance
C)protein balance
51
Several _____ convoluted tubules enter one collecting duct.
A)proximal
B)distal
52
The glomerulus forms from the division of an _____ arteriole.
A)afferent
B)efferent
53
An efferent arteriole branches into a second capillary bed called the _____.
A)peritubular capillaries
B)glomerulus
54
The _____ is closest to the glomerulus.
A)loop of the nephron
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)distal convoluted tubule
55
Peritubular capillaries join to form venule that join to form veins leading to the _____.
A)hepatic portal vein
B)superior vena cava
C)aorta
D)renal vein
56
Which of the following is not filtered out of the blood during glomerular filtration?
A)red blood cells.
B)glucose
C)water
D)urea
57
Molecules are filtered from the blood during glomerular filtration based on their _____.
A)color
B)size
C)shape
58
Tubular reabsorption occurs at the _____.
A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)collecting duct
D)distal convoluted tubule
59
With untreated diabetes mellitus, there is an abnormally large amount of _____ in the filtrate.
A)urea
B)sodium
C)glucose
D)hemoglobin
60
During tubular reabsorption, _____ is returned to the blood.
A)glucose
B)water
C)urea
D)all of the above
61
If there is more glucose in the filtrate than there are carrier molecules with which to absorb it, the glucose will appear in the urine.
A)True
B)False
62
Which of the following remains in the blood as it flows into the efferent arteriole?
A)blood proteins
B)blood cells
C)both A and B
63
Put the steps of urine formation in the correct order.
1. Tubular secretion
2. Glomerular filtration
3. Tubular reabsorption
A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3, 1
C)2, 1, 3
D)3, 2, 1
64
The glomerular filtrate has the same composition as tissue fluid.
A)True
B)False
65
The distal convoluted tubule is where _____ takes place.
A)filtration
B)reabsorption
C)secretion
D)all of the above
66
Tubular secretion helps rid the body of harmful compounds that were not filtered into the glomerulus.
A)True
B)False
67
Which of the following is transported into the tubule during tubular secretion?
A)ammonia
B)hydrogen ions
C)penicillin
D)all of the above
68
The kidneys regulate the water balance of the blood which means they help maintain _____.
A)blood pressure
B)blood volume
C)both A and B
69
Anti-diuretic hormone _____.
A)is produced by the kidneys
B)decreases blood pressure
C)causes less urine to form
D)all of the above
70
The entire loop of the nephron is permeable to water.
A)True
B)False
71
Blood volume and blood pressure are decreased by _____.
A)aldosterone
B)atrial natriuretic hormone
C)anti-diuretic hormone
D)both A and C
72
Atrial natriuretic hormone _____.
A)is produced by the heart
B)is released when blood pressure is high
C)promoted the excretion of Na+
D)all of the above
73
Energy must be expended to reabsorb waer, salts and nutrients in the filtrate.
A)True
B)False
74
An animal's kidney is selective about what small molecules are returned to the blood rather than what small molecules leave the blood.
A)True
B)False
75
Blood pH is maintained by the _____.
A)kidneys
B)respiratory system
C)both A and B
76
If the blood is acidic, hydrogen ions are retained and bicarbonate ions are excreted.
A)True
B)False







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