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| 1 | |
Each earthworm segment has its own set of _____. |
| | A) | longitudinal muscles |
| | B) | circular muscles |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 2 | |
When the longitudinal muscles of an earthworm contract, the segments become thicker and shorten. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
An animal with a hydrostatic skeleton has a constant shape. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following has a hydrostatic skeleton? |
| | A) | flatworm. |
| | B) | grasshopper. |
| | C) | sea star. |
| | D) | shark. |
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| 6 | |
An endoskeleton is observed in ______. |
| | A) | vertebrates |
| | B) | molluscs |
| | C) | echinoderms |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 7 | |
The whiplike movement of roundworms is due to the contraction of their _____ muscles. |
| | A) | longitudinal |
| | B) | circular |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 8 | |
Internal organs are well protected by _____. |
| | A) | exoskeletons |
| | B) | endoskeletons |
| | C) | hydrostatic skeletons |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 9 | |
The exoskeletons of arthropods are _____. |
| | A) | jointed |
| | B) | formed of chitin |
| | C) | must be molted when the animal grows |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
An exoskeleton is not as strong as an endoskeleton. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
An endoskeleton is associated with _____. |
| | A) | movement |
| | B) | support |
| | C) | protection of internal organs |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 12 | |
Organisms with large and thick exoskeletons move around on land with ease. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
Flat bones produce red blood cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
All bones _____. |
| | A) | produce red blood cells. |
| | B) | store calcium and phosphate ions |
| | C) | support the body against the pull of gravity |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
Bone-forming cells _____. |
| | A) | are called osteoblasts |
| | B) | convert cartilage models to bone |
| | C) | take calcium from the blood |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
All bones form from a cartilaginous model. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Bone growth stops when the cartilaginous growth plates ossify. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
The rate of growth is controlled by _____. |
| | A) | growth hormone |
| | B) | sex hormones |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 19 | |
Blood calcium is regulated by _____. |
| | A) | parathyroid hormone |
| | B) | osteoclast activity |
| | C) | calcitonin |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 20 | |
In an adult, bones are static and unchanging. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Osteoclast activity increases _____. |
| | A) | when blood calcium is low |
| | B) | when calcitonin is high |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 22 | |
The thickness of bone can change depending on exercise and hormone balances. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Blood calcium must be closely regulated because of its important role in _____. |
| | A) | muscle contractions |
| | B) | blood clotting |
| | C) | nerve conduction |
| | D) | both a and c |
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| 24 | |
Children require more calcium in the diet than adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
When osteoblasts are trapped in the matrix they secrete, they _____. |
| | A) | begin to break down bone |
| | B) | are converted into osteocytes |
| | C) | weaken the bone |
| | D) | block the central canals |
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| 26 | |
The medullary cavity of a long bone _____. |
| | A) | contains yellow bone marrow |
| | B) | produces red blood cells |
| | C) | stores calcium |
| | D) | contains many osteons |
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| 27 | |
When blood oxygen is low _____. |
| | A) | calcitonin increases |
| | B) | osteoclast activity increases |
| | C) | red bone marrow makes more red blood cells |
| | D) | osteoblasts become osteocytes |
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| 28 | |
Spongy bone produces _____. |
| | A) | red blood cells |
| | B) | white blood cells |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 29 | |
The functioning of the skeletal system is essential to the functioning of the _____ system. |
| | A) | immune |
| | B) | circulatory |
| | C) | respiratory |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 30 | |
The brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs are protected by the _____ skeleton. |
| | A) | axial |
| | B) | appendicular |
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| 31 | |
Which is/are part of the axial skeleton? |
| | A) | skull |
| | B) | sternum |
| | C) | ribs |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 32 | |
The spinal cord passes through the _____ and becomes the brain stem. |
| | A) | fontanel |
| | B) | zygomatic arch |
| | C) | foramen magnum |
| | D) | fossa ovale |
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| 33 | |
The soft spots in an infants skull are membranous regions called fontanels which usually close by the age of two years. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 34 | |
The opening leading to the middle ear is in the _____ bone. |
| | A) | occipital |
| | B) | frontal |
| | C) | parietal |
| | D) | temporal |
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| 35 | |
The mandible is the only movable portion of the skull. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 36 | |
The nose is formed of _____. |
| | A) | bone |
| | B) | cartilage |
| | C) | connective tissue |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 37 | |
The intervertebral disks _____. |
| | A) | facilitate bending forward, backward and side to side |
| | B) | prevent the vertebrae from grinding against one another |
| | C) | are composed of fibrocartilage |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 38 | |
The _____ assists inhalation and exhalation. |
| | A) | coccyx |
| | B) | skull |
| | C) | rib cage |
| | D) | sacrum |
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| 39 | |
The bones of the _____ girdle are specialized for flexibility. |
| | A) | pectoral |
| | B) | pelvic |
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| 40 | |
The scapula is held in place only by muscles so it can freely follow the movements of the arm. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 41 | |
The humerus articulates with the _____. |
| | A) | scapula |
| | B) | ulna |
| | C) | radius |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 42 | |
Digits refers to either fingers or toes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 43 | |
Freely movable joints are called _____ joints. |
| | A) | fibrous |
| | B) | cartilaginous |
| | C) | synovial |
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| 44 | |
Which of the following is not associated with the pelvic girdle or leg? |
| | A) | coxal bones. |
| | B) | femur. |
| | C) | clavicle. |
| | D) | fibula. |
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| 45 | |
Fibrous joints are found between the _____. |
| | A) | cranial bones |
| | B) | vertebrae |
| | C) | humerus and scapula |
| | D) | femur and tibia |
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| 46 | |
Rotational movement and movement in all planes is associated with _____ joints. |
| | A) | ball and socket |
| | B) | hinge |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 47 | |
Arthritis is caused by _____. |
| | A) | disintegration of the cartilage at the ends of the bones |
| | B) | inflammation and thickening of the synovial membrane |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 48 | |
With advanced age, bone reabsorption begins to exceed formation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 49 | |
The risk of osteoporosis is increased by _____. |
| | A) | a sedentary lifestyle |
| | B) | smoking |
| | C) | thin body type |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 50 | |
Skeletal muscle contractions assist homeostasis by helping maintain a constant body temperature. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 51 | |
When muscles contract they push or pull bones. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 52 | |
Even when muscles appear to be at rest, some of their fibers are contracting resulting in muscle tone. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 53 | |
When a muscle is stimulated, _____ ions that were stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are released. |
| | A) | chlorine |
| | B) | sodium |
| | C) | potassium |
| | D) | calcium |
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| 54 | |
Muscle contractions are initiated by _____. |
| | A) | sensory neurons |
| | B) | interneurons |
| | C) | motor neurons |
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| 55 | |
The H zone contains _____. |
| | A) | actin filaments |
| | B) | myosin filaments |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 56 | |
ATP for muscle contraction is quickly generated by _____. |
| | A) | cellular respiration |
| | B) | creatine phosphate |
| | C) | alcoholic fermentation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 57 | |
Cross bridges are formed by _____ which create the sliding process of the sliding filament model. |
| | A) | myosin |
| | B) | actin |
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| 58 | |
Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen _____. |
| | A) | needed to metabolize lactate |
| | B) | the United States owes Japan |
| | C) | required for fermentation |
| | D) | produced by aerobic respiration |
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| 59 | |
Oxygen is stored in muscle cells by _____. |
| | A) | lactate |
| | B) | actin |
| | C) | myoglobin |
| | D) | the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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| 60 | |
Muscle aches and fatigue after exercise are due to the build up of myoglobin in the muscles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 61 | |
The number of mitochondria in muscle cells increases with athletic training. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 62 | |
Sarcomeres contain _____. |
| | A) | actin |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 63 | |
During the sliding process, actin and myosin shorten. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 64 | |
Calcium ion release is stimulated when _____ is released at a neuromuscular junction. |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | lactate |
| | C) | epinephrine |
| | D) | myoglobin |
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| 65 | |
When calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, they bind to _____. |
| | A) | actin |
| | B) | myosin |
| | C) | troponin |
| | D) | myoglobin |
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| 66 | |
Energy is needed to return calcium ions to the calcium storage sites. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 67 | |
During muscle contractions, ATP is broken down by _____. |
| | A) | myosin filament heads |
| | B) | actin filaments |
| | C) | troponin |
| | D) | myoglobin |
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| 68 | |
Cross bridges formed by myosin during muscle contractions pull the actin filament to the center of the sarcomere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 69 | |
Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton by bands of fibrous connective tissue called _____. |
| | A) | tendons |
| | B) | sarcomeres |
| | C) | ligaments |
| | D) | synovial membranes |
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| 70 | |
Flexor muscles like the biceps brachii _____ the angle at a joint. |
| | A) | decrease |
| | B) | increase |
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| 71 | |
Muscles must relax completely before responding to the next stimulus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 72 | |
Which of the following is found in a neuromuscular junction? |
| | A) | an axon bulb of a motor nerve fiber. |
| | B) | a muscle fiber |
| | C) | a synaptic cleft |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 73 | |
When you shiver, muscle contractions produce heat which increases body temperature. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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