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8.1 Cellular Respiration
  • During cellular respiration, the breakdown of glucose drives the synthesis of ATP.
  • The coenzymes NAD+ and FAD accept electrons from substrates and carry them to the electron transport system in mitochondria.
  • The breakdown of glucose requires four phases: three metabolic pathways and one individual enzymatic reaction. The three metabolic pathways consist of a number of enzymatic reactions.
  1. Give the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration.
    Answer
  2. Is the breakdown of glucose an endergonic or exergonic reaction?
    Answer
  3. What are NAD+ and FAD and what are they used for?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Cellular respiration
  2. NAD+ and FAD
  3. Phases of complete glucose breakdown
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8.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis
  • Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that partially breaks down glucose outside the mitochondria.
  1. What happens during glycolysis and where does it occur?
    Answer
  2. Are ATPs used or produced during glycolysis and how many?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Energy investment steps
  3. Energy harvesting steps
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8.3 Inside the Mitochondria
  • The transition reaction and the citric acid cycle which occur inside the mitochondria, continue the breakdown of glucose until carbon dioxide and water result
  • The electron transport system, which receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, produces most of the ATP during cellular respiration.
  1. The transition reaction occurs between ____________ and the citric acid cycle
    Answer
  2. What are the products of the transition reaction?
    Answer
  3. Are ATP used or produced by the citric acid cycle and how many?
    Answer
  4. Where in the mitochondria is the electron transport system?
    Answer
  5. What is the final electron receptor of the electron transport system and what does it become?
    Answer
  6. What is the net ATP yield per glucose molecule for all of cellular respiration?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Aerobic respiration
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Transition reaction
  4. The Citric Acid Cycle
  5. The electron transport system
  6. The cristae of a mitochondrion
  7. Energy yield from glucose breakdown
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8.4 Fermentation
  • Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that partially breaks down glucose under anaerobic conditions.
  1. What is fermentation?
    Answer
  2. What is the product of fermentation in humans?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Cellular respiration includes fermentation
  2. Advantages and disadvantages of fermentation
  3. Efficiency of fermentation
8.5 Metabolic Pool
  • A number of metabolites in addition to glucose can be broken down to drive ATP synthesis.
  1. Anabolic reactions are _____________ while catabolic reactions are ______________.
    1. exergonic, degradative
    2. endergonic, exergonic
    3. synthetic, endergonic
    4. degradative, synthetic
    Answer
  2. What is the metabolic pool of a cell?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Degradative and synthetic reactions
  2. Catabolism
  3. Anabolism
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