 |
| 1 | |
All of the potential energy in the bonds of glucose is transformed into energy in ATP molecules. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Which of the following is a coenzyme associated with cellular respiration? |
| | A) | NAD+ |
| | B) | O2 |
| | C) | FAD |
| | D) | both A and C |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Since glucose is a high-energy molecule and its metabolites, CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules, the breakdown of glucose would be described as an _____ reaction. |
| | A) | exergonic |
| | B) | endergonic |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
NAD+ is _____ when it accepts two electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+). |
| | A) | reduced |
| | B) | oxidized |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
About _____ of the energy in glucose is transformed into ATP. |
| | A) | 5% |
| | B) | 40% |
| | C) | 75% |
| | D) | 100% |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
The conversion of the energy in glucose to ATP is more efficient than the conversion of the energy in gasoline to the movement of a car. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Which of the following statements correctly describes glycolysis? |
| | A) | Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. |
| | B) | glycolysis requires O2. |
| | C) | Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate. |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which of the following is not a product of the complete breakdown of glucose? |
| | A) | O2 |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | H2O |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The first phase of glucose metabolism is _____. |
| | A) | the Citric Acid cycle |
| | B) | glycolysis |
| | C) | the electron transport system |
| | D) | the transition reaction |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
The coenzymes NAD and FAD carry electrons to the _____. |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | Citric Acid cycle |
| | C) | plasma membrane |
| | D) | electron transport system |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Cells only need a small amount of NAD+ because each NAD+ can be used to transport electrons over and over. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Since it is universally found in organisms, researchers believe_____ evolved first. |
| | A) | the electron transport system |
| | B) | Citric Acid cycle |
| | C) | glycolysis |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
The net gain of ATP from glycolysis is two even though four ATP are actually produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The inputs of glycolysis include _____. |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | NAD+ |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
When a phosphate is transferred from a high-energy molecule of ADP to form ATP it's referred to as _____. |
| | A) | photophosphorylation |
| | B) | substrate-level phosphorylation |
| | C) | oxidative phosphorylation |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Glycolysis occurs in the _____. |
| | A) | cytosol |
| | B) | matrix |
| | C) | cristae |
| | D) | nucleus |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
There are some bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
There is/are _____ pyruvate molecule(s) produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | six |
| | D) | ten |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
If oxygen is not available _____ follows glycolysis. |
| | A) | fermentation |
| | B) | the transition reaction |
| | C) | the Citric Acid cycle |
| | D) | the electron transport system |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
When oxygen is available, pyruvate enters the _____. |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | chloroplast |
| | C) | plasma membrane |
| | D) | mitochondria |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Each of the two pyruvates produced during glycolysis has _____ carbons. |
| | A) | 3 |
| | B) | 6 |
| | C) | 12 |
| | D) | 36 |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
Which of the following is NOT a product (an output) of glycolysis? |
| | A) | NADH |
| | B) | pyruvate |
| | C) | CO2 |
| | D) | ATP |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
The "after taxes" (net gain) number of ATP produced during glycolysis is _____. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 32 |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
The ATP produced during glycolysis are produced by _____. |
| | A) | substrate-level phosphorylation |
| | B) | oxidative phosphorylation |
| | C) | photophosphorylation |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Mitochondria are often called the powerhouses of a cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Many ATP are produced during the transition reaction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
The enzymes of the transition reaction and Citric Acid cycle are located in the _____. |
| | A) | cytosol |
| | B) | matrix |
| | C) | cristae |
| | D) | thylakoids |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
The __________ connects glycolysis to the Citric Acid cycle. |
| | A) | electron transport system |
| | B) | transition reaction |
| | C) | cristae |
| | D) | mitochondrial intermembrane |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
When electrons are removed from pyruvate in the transition reaction, they are accepted by _____. |
| | A) | acetyl Co-A |
| | B) | FAD |
| | C) | NAD+ |
| | D) | ATP |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
Acetyl Co-A is formed during the transition reaction by attaching _____ to a two-carbon acetyl group. |
| | A) | NAD+ |
| | B) | coenzyme A |
| | C) | pyruvate |
| | D) | oxaloacetate |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
The ATP produced during the Citric Acid cycle is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
The first metabolite of the Citric Acid cycle is __________. |
| | A) | lactate |
| | B) | pyruvate |
| | C) | oxaloacetate |
| | D) | citrate |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
The Citric Acid cycle turns twice for each original glucose molecule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
During the Citric Acid cycle, all of the electrons are accepted by the electron carrier NAD+. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
Which of the following is an output of the Citric Acid cycle? |
| | A) | CO2 |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | FADH2 |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
Which of the following Citric Acid cycle products is disposed of by our respiratory system when we exhale? |
| | A) | CO2 |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | NADH |
| | D) | FADH2 |
|
|
|
| 37 | |
The electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried there by _____. |
| | A) | NADH |
| | B) | FADH2 |
| | C) | both A and B |
|
|
|
| 38 | |
The energy released by the electron transport system produces ATP by _____. |
| | A) | photophosphorylation |
| | B) | substrate-level phosphorylation |
| | C) | oxidative phosphorylation |
|
|
|
| 39 | |
The electron transport system is located in the _____. |
| | A) | stroma |
| | B) | matrix |
| | C) | cytosol |
| | D) | cristae |
|
|
|
| 40 | |
Cells must have many, many NAD+, FAD and ADP molecules on hand before cellular respiration can begin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 41 | |
When O2 is reduced during the electron transport system, _____ is produced. |
| | A) | H2O |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | ADP |
| | D) | glucose |
|
|
|
| 42 | |
When NADH produced during the transition reaction and Citric Acid cycle delivers electrons to the electron transport system, _____ ATP is/are produced. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 36 |
|
|
|
| 43 | |
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport system is _____. |
| | A) | FADH2 |
| | B) | O2 |
| | C) | coenzyme Q |
| | D) | cytochrome b |
|
|
|
| 44 | |
How many ATP molecules are produced when FADH2 delivers electrons to the electron transport system? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 36 |
|
|
|
| 45 | |
Most of the ATP produced by cellular respiration is produced by oxidative phosphorylation and energy released by the electron transport system. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 46 | |
The NADH produced during glycolysis produces only 2 ATP in the electron transport system in all cells except heart, liver and bacterial cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 47 | |
Oxygen debt is _____. |
| | A) | the amount of oxygen needed to get rid of lactate |
| | B) | the amount of oxygen needed for cellular respiration |
| | C) | the amount of oxygen needed for glycolysis |
| | D) | the amount of oxygen the US owes Japan |
|
|
|
| 48 | |
Animal cells perform _____ fermentation. |
| | A) | lactate (lactic acid) |
| | B) | alcoholic |
| | C) | both A and B |
|
|
|
| 49 | |
Only two ATP are produced by glycolysis followed by fermentation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 50 | |
The products of fermentation can be lethal to the cells which perform it. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 51 | |
Oxygen is needed for fermentation to proceed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 52 | |
The product of alcoholic fermentation that allows us to make bread is _____. |
| | A) | O2 |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | H2O |
| | D) | lactate |
|
|
|
| 53 | |
During fermentation, _____ is regenerated and it returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons. |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | NAD+ |
| | D) | pyruvate |
|
|
|
| 54 | |
Athletes' cells _____. |
| | A) | metabolize more fats for ATP which maintains blood glucose levels |
| | B) | have the same number of mitochondria as a "couch potato" |
| | C) | produce large quantities of lactate and H+ |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 55 | |
Glucose is the only molecule that can be used to produce ATP. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 56 | |
Metabolites of glycolysis and the Citric Acid cycle can be converted to _____. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | glycerol |
| | C) | fatty acids |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 57 | |
Plants are able to synthesize all of the amino acids they need. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 58 | |
Fats are an efficient form of stored energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 59 | |
Catabolism _____. |
| | A) | breaks down molecules |
| | B) | tends to be exergonic |
| | C) | drives anabolism |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 60 | |
Excess carbohydrate intake can result in the formation of fat. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
.