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acculturative stress  The negative consequences that result from contact between two distinctive cultural groups. p. 473
approach/approach conflict  A conflict in which the individual must choose between two attractive stimuli or circumstances. p. 472
approach/avoidance conflict  A conflict involving a single stimulus or circumstance that has both positive and negative characteristics. p. 472
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)  Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a sexually transmitted disease that destroys the body's immune system. p. 497
avoidance/avoidance conflict  A conflict in which the individual must choose between two unattractive stimuli or circumstances. p. 472
behavioral medicine  An interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness. p. 467
biofeedback  The process in which individuals' muscular or visceral activities are monitored by instruments. The information from the instruments is fed back to the individuals so that they can learn to voluntarily control their physiological activities. p. 491
cognitive appraisal  Lazarus' term for individuals' interpretation of events in their lives as threatening, harmful, or challenging and their determination of whether they have the resources to effectively cope with the events. p. 478
coping  Managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve life's problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress. p. 483
emotion-focused coping  Lazarus' term for responding to stress in an emotional manner, especially using defensive appraisal. p. 483
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)  Selye's term for the common effects on the body when demands are placed on it. The GAS consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. p. 476
hardiness  A personality style characterized by a sense of commitment (rather than alienation), control (rather than powerlessness), and a perception of problems as challenges (rather than threats). p. 468
health psychology  Emphasizes psychology's role in promoting and maintaining health and in preventing and treating illness. p. 467
meditation  The practice and system of thought that incorporates exercises to attain bodily or mental control and well-being, as well as enlightenment. p. 490
problem-focused coping  Lazarus' term for the cognitive strategy of squarely facing one's troubles and trying to solve them. p. 483
self-efficacy  The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes. p. 485
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)  Diseases that are contracted primarily through sex–intercourse as well as oral-genital and anal-genital sex. p. 497
social support  Information and feedback from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and included in a network of communication and mutual obligation. p. 486
stress  The response of individuals to stressors, the circumstances and events that threaten and tax their coping abilities. p. 468
stress management programs  Teach individuals to appraise stressful events, to develop skills for coping with stress, and to put these skills into use in their everyday lives. p. 490
Type A behavior pattern  A cluster of characteristics–being excessively competitive, hard-driven, and hostile–thought to be related to the incidence of heart disease. p. 468
Type B behavior pattern  A relaxed and easygoing personality. p. 605







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