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accommodation  Occurs when individuals adjust their schemas to new information. p. 86
assimilation  Occurs when individuals incorporate new information into existing knowledge. p. 86
attachment  The close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver. p. 93
authoritarian parenting  A restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and value hard work and effort. p. 96
authoritative parenting  A parenting style that encourages children's independence (but still places limits and controls on their behavior), includes extensive verbal give-and-take, and warm and nurturant interactions with the child. p. 96
concrete operational stage  The third Piagetian stage of cognitive development (approximately 7 to 11 years of age) in which thought becomes operational, replacing intuitive thought with logical reasoning in concrete situations. p. 89
crystallized intelligence  An individual's accumulated information and verbal skills. p. 112
development  The pattern of change in human capabilities that begins at conception and continues throughout the life span. p. 79
fluid intelligence  One's ability to reason abstractly. p. 112
formal operational stage  The fourth and final Piagetian stage of cognitive development (emerging from about 11 to 15 years of age) in which thinking becomes more abstract, idealistic, and logical. p. 90
Gender role  Expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. p. 102
imprinting  The tendency of an infant animal to form an attachment to the first moving object it sees and/or hears. p. 94
indulgent parenting  A parenting style in which parents are involved with their children but place few limits on them. p. 96
nature  An organism's biological inheritance. p. 81
neglectful parenting  A parenting style in which parents are uninvolved in their child's life. p. 96
nurture  An organism's environmental experience. p. 81
preoperational stage  The second Piagetian stage of cognitive development (approximately 2 to 7 years of age) in which thought becomes more symbolic, egocentric, and intuitive rather than logical; but the child cannot yet perform operations. p. 87
puberty  A period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence. p. 105
schema  A concept or framework that already exists at a given moment in a person's mind and that organizes and interprets information. p. 86
secure attachment  An important aspect of socioemotional development in which infants use the caregiver, usually the mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment. p. 95
sensorimotor stage  The first Piagetian stage of cognitive development (birth to about 2 years of age), in which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with motor (physical) actions. p. 87
temperament  An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding. p. 95
wisdom  Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life. p. 113







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