| binary code | information transformed into a series of digits 1 and 0 for storage and manipulation in computers
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| blogs | Web journal that comments on the news with links to stories that back up the commentary with evidence
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| browsers | software programs loaded on personal computers and used to download and view Web files
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| censorware | unflattering name given to Web content-filtering software by its opponents
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| click stream | the series of choices made by a user on the Web
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| dataveillance | electronic coding or masking or information on the Web that can be deciphered only by a recipient with the decrypting key
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| digital computer | a computer that processes data reduced to a binary code
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| digital divide | the lack of technological access among people of color, the poor, the disabled, and those in rural communities
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| domain name | on the World Wide Web, an identifying name, rather than a site's formal URL, that gives some indication of the nature of a site's content or owner
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| e-mail (electronic mail) | function of Internet allowing communication via computer with anyone else online, anyplace in the world, with no long-distance fees
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| encryption | in copyright law, instances in which material may be used without permission or payment
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| fair use | in copyright law, instances in which material may be used without permission or payment
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| flash mobs (smart mobs) | large, geographically dispersed groups connected only by communications technology, quickly drawn together to perform collective action
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| global village | a McLuhan concept; new communication technologies permit people to become increasingly involved in one another's lives
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| hackers | people interested in technology, information, and communication through computers
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| home page | entry way into a Web site, containing information and hyperlinks to other material
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| hosts | computers linking individual personal computer users to the Internet
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| hyperlink | connection, embedded in Internet or Web site, allowing instant access to other material in that site as well as to material in other sites
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| information gap | the widening disparity in amounts and types of information available to information haves and have-nots
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| instant messaging (IM) | real-time e-mail, allowing two or more people to communicate instantaneously and in immediate response to one another
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| Internet | a global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information
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| Internet service provider (ISP) | see provider
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| LANs (Local Area Networks) | networks connecting two or more computers, usually within the same building
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| mainframe computer | a large central computer to which users are connected by terminals
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| minicomputers | a relatively large central computer to which users are connected by terminals; not as large as a mainframe computer
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| multimedia | advanced sound and image capabilities for microcomputers
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| operating system | the software that tells the computer how to work
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| opt-in/opt-out | consumers giving permission to companies to sell personal data or consumers requesting that companies do not sell personal data
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| personal computer (PC) | see microcomputer
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| protocols | common communication rules and languages for computers linked to the Internet
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| radio frequency identification chip (RFIC) | grain-of-sand sized microchip and antenna embedded in consumer products that transmit a radio signal
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| search engines (sometimes called spiders, or Web crawlers) | Web- or Net-search software providing on-screen menus
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| sender pays | charging “postage” for e-mail
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| spiders | Web- or Net-search software providing on-screen menu
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| technology gap | the widening disparity between communication technology haves and have-nots
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| terminals | user workstations that are connected to larger centralized computers
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| URL (Uniform Resource Locator) | the designation of each file or directory on the host computer connected to the Internet
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| Usenet | also known as network news, an internationally distributed Internet bulletin board system
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| Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) | phone calls transferred in digital packets over the Internet rather than on circuit-switched telephone wires
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| WANs (Wide Area Networks) | networks that connect several LANs in different locations
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| Web crawlers | see search engines
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| World Wide Web | a tool that serves as a means of accessing files on computers connected via the Internet
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| zone | Internet address information, typically either geographic or descriptive of the type of organization
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