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| 1 | |
Experimental research differs from other types of research because in experimental research |
| | A) | the dependent variable must be measured precisely. |
| | B) | the independent variable must be manipulated. |
| | C) | groups are compared. |
| | D) | there are no extraneous variables. |
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| 2 | |
A characteristic that distinguishes true experiments from weaker experimental designs is that true experiments include |
| | A) | random assignment. |
| | B) | matching. |
| | C) | repeated measurements of the dependent variable. |
| | D) | random sampling. |
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| 3 | |
A researcher would be most likely to use a static group design when |
| | A) | there is only one new intervention of interest. |
| | B) | it is difficult to manipulate the independent variable. |
| | C) | use of a pretest would be a threat to internal validity. |
| | D) | participants cannot be randomized to conditions. |
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| 4 | |
The biggest threat to internal validity when a counterbalanced design is used is |
| | A) | statistical regression. |
| | B) | subject characteristics. |
| | C) | multiple-treatment interference. |
| | D) | testing. |
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| 5 | |
A researcher who chooses to control an attitudinal threat by building it into the design would most likely use a |
| | A) | randomized Solomon four-group design. |
| | B) | factorial design. |
| | C) | counterbalanced design. |
| | D) | time-series design. |
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| 6 | |
In matching designs, participants in two or more groups are matched using |
| | A) | an extraneous variable. |
| | B) | the dependent measure. |
| | C) | the independent variable. |
| | D) | the researcher's expertise. |
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| 7 | |
Experimental research is the only type of research that enables researchers to make conclusions about |
| | A) | group differences. |
| | B) | the change of variables over time. |
| | C) | relationships among variables. |
| | D) | cause and effect. |
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| 8 | |
The major characteristic of experimental research, which distinguishes it from all other types of research, is that researchers |
| | A) | spend money and time in their research. |
| | B) | manipulate the dependent variable. |
| | C) | manipulate the independent variable. |
| | D) | there is no major characteristic that distinguishes it from all other types of research. |
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| 9 | |
Using the randomized Solomon four-group design, which of the following threats to internal validity is most likely to occur? |
| | A) | subject characteristics |
| | B) | testing |
| | C) | implementation |
| | D) | maturation |
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| 10 | |
Using the static-group comparison design, which of the following threats to internal validity is most likely to occur? |
| | A) | history |
| | B) | maturation |
| | C) | instrument decay |
| | D) | subject characteristics |
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| 11 | |
Using the matching-only pre-posttest control group design, which of the following threats to internal validity is most likely to occur? |
| | A) | testing |
| | B) | maturation |
| | C) | history |
| | D) | location |
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| 12 | |
Using the counterbalanced design, which of the following threats to internal validity is most likely to occur? |
| | A) | implementation |
| | B) | history |
| | C) | subject characteristics |
| | D) | testing |
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| 13 | |
Using the time-series design, which of the following threats to internal validity is least likely to occur? |
| | A) | subject characteristics |
| | B) | testing |
| | C) | history |
| | D) | attitudinal |
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| 14 | |
Using the one-group pre-posttest design, which of the following threats to internal validity is controlled? |
| | A) | attitudinal |
| | B) | subject characteristics |
| | C) | history |
| | D) | data collector bias |
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| 15 | |
Using the factorial without randomization design, which of the following threats to internal validity is least likely to occur? |
| | A) | subject characteristics |
| | B) | attitudinal |
| | C) | data collector bias |
| | D) | instrument decay |
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