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| 1 | |
The definition of psychology used in the text includes behavior, mental processes, and |
| | A) | science. |
| | B) | actions. |
| | C) | study. |
| | D) | philosophy. |
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| 2 | |
The goals of psychology are to |
| | A) | Describe, explain, predict, and control. |
| | B) | understand, teach, research, and control. |
| | C) | teach, test, explain, and predict. |
| | D) | describe, predict, understand, and influence. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following early psychologists would be most likely to use the technique called introspection? |
| | A) | Max Wertheimer |
| | B) | Hermann Ebbinghaus |
| | C) | Wilhelm Wundt |
| | D) | William James |
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| 4 | |
In addition to being the first African American to publish a research article in a journal of the American Psychological Association, J. Henry Alston is also remembered for his |
| | A) | emphasis on the phi phenomenon. |
| | B) | research concerning the effects of segregation on children. |
| | C) | studies of the sensations of heat and cold. |
| | D) | contributions to the school of thought called functionalism. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the early schools of psychology is most closely related to contemporary cognitive psychology? |
| | A) | Gestalt |
| | B) | Psychoanalysis |
| | C) | Functionalism |
| | D) | Structuralism |
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| 6 | |
John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism, was most strongly influenced by the work of |
| | A) | B. F. Skinner. |
| | B) | Sigmund Freud. |
| | C) | Santiago Ramon y Cajal. |
| | D) | Ivan Pavlov. |
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| 7 | |
Dr. Andrews, a neuroscientist, is most likely to study |
| | A) | how organisms learn from experience. |
| | B) | cognitive processes, such as thinking, remembering, and knowing. |
| | C) | the chemical substances that carry messages in the nervous system. |
| | D) | mental measurements. |
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| 8 | |
According to Freud, psychological problems have their roots in unconscious |
| | A) | wishes. |
| | B) | fears. |
| | C) | motives. |
| | D) | conflicts. |
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| 9 | |
As a humanistic psychologist, Dr. Carlson asserts that the most important aspect of human beings is their |
| | A) | thought processes. |
| | B) | unconscious mind. |
| | C) | self-concept. |
| | D) | brain chemistry. |
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| 10 | |
Psychology's sociocultural perspective has evolved from social anthropology and has been shaped by which force within psychology? |
| | A) | Psychoanalysis |
| | B) | Social learning theory |
| | C) | Behaviorism |
| | D) | Evolutionary psychology |
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| 11 | |
The notion that different cultures, ethnic groups, genders, and sexual orientations are different from rather than inferior to one another is the underlying perspective of |
| | A) | ethnocentrism. |
| | B) | cultural relativity. |
| | C) | cultural universality. |
| | D) | human diversity. |
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| 12 | |
The research of Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark was instrumental in |
| | A) | spearheading the acceptance of women into doctoral programs in psychology. |
| | B) | spearheading the acceptance of minorities into doctoral programs in psychology. |
| | C) | developing child care and childbirth leave policies that facilitate women's careers. |
| | D) | demonstrating that segregated schools could not be considered "separate but equal." |
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| 13 | |
Which modern psychological perspective is controversial because of its views on gender differences? |
| | A) | Sociocultural psychology |
| | B) | Positive psychology |
| | C) | Behaviorism |
| | D) | Evolutionary psychology |
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| 14 | |
The specialty area of psychology that studies the influence of other people on behavior is called |
| | A) | developmental psychology. |
| | B) | sociocultural psychology. |
| | C) | cognitive psychology |
| | D) | social psychology. |
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| 15 | |
Dr. Hodges has a Ph.D. in psychology. She treats clients who have emotional problems and helps them correct their abnormal behavior. She is a |
| | A) | psychiatrist. |
| | B) | counseling psychologist. |
| | C) | clinical psychologist. |
| | D) | health psychologist. |
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