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| 1 | |
Research by Kiecolt-Glaser and colleagues on the effects of stress and the immune system found which group(s) of women had the poorest immune functioning? |
| | A) | those who had been divorced the longest |
| | B) | single women |
| | C) | those who had been married the longest |
| | D) | those who were recently divorced or unhappily married |
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| 2 | |
________________ is any event that strains or exceeds an individual's ability to cope. |
| | A) | A challenge |
| | B) | Life |
| | C) | An approach-avoidance conflict |
| | D) | Stress |
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| 3 | |
Violence, loss of a loved one, natural disasters, terrorism, and daily hassles are all forms of _______________ that create stress because they require adjustment and coping. |
| | A) | traumas |
| | B) | drama |
| | C) | life events |
| | D) | conflicts |
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| 4 | |
Studies of the relationship between stress and life events suggest that one way to lower the risk of stress-related illness is to |
| | A) | avoid stress whenever possible. |
| | B) | try to have more positive than negative changes in your life. |
| | C) | space out your life changes when you can. |
| | D) | try to lump your major changes together at one point in time, then leave yourself time afterward to relax and adjust. |
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| 5 | |
Horatio has a toothache that is interfering with his ability to function in his daily life. Unfortunately, he is reluctant to get treatment because the very thought of going to a dentist causes him to feel faint. What type of conflict is Horatio experiencing? |
| | A) | approach-avoidance |
| | B) | multiple approach-avoidance |
| | C) | avoidance-avoidance |
| | D) | approach-approach |
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| 6 | |
While walking his dog in the woods, William came face-to-face with a rattlesnake. His heart rate and blood pressure immediately increased, blood was diverted away from digestion and into the skeletal muscles, he began to perspire, and he felt a surge of energy as his levels of adrenaline increased. William was in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? |
| | A) | alarm |
| | B) | exhaustion |
| | C) | resistance |
| | D) | preparation |
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| 7 | |
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) does its best work during |
| | A) | the period after an emergency. |
| | B) | emergencies. |
| | C) | times of chronic illness. |
| | D) | our daily life activities. |
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| 8 | |
Bethany is going to have her tonsils removed. The research on stress suggests that Bethany would experience the least amount of stress in which of the following conditions? |
| | A) | She is prepared for the operation by her parents and her doctor, who tell her what will take place, that she will feel pain afterwards, and that each day the pain will decrease. |
| | B) | She is not told about the operation. Instead, the day it is scheduled, her parents take her to the hospital, where she is quickly put under anesthesia, the operation is performed, and afterwards she is told what happened. |
| | C) | She is told that she is going to have the operation, but it won't hurt. |
| | D) | She is told that she has to have the operation to keep her from being sick all the time. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following individuals exhibits a cognitive factor in her reaction to stress? |
| | A) | Catherine Marie is hostile, aggressive, and frequently angry with others. |
| | B) | Patty Anne is highly competitive, hard driving, and ambitious in work, sports, and games. |
| | C) | Betty Jo does whatever she can to avoid stressful situations. |
| | D) | Mary Jane interprets her professor's comments and suggestions as personal criticisms. |
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| 10 | |
Which aspect of the Type A behavior pattern presents the highest risk factor for coronary heart disease? |
| | A) | being perfectionistic and demanding |
| | B) | being a workaholic who takes little time off for relaxation or vacation |
| | C) | hostility expressed in chronic suspiciousness and resentment |
| | D) | hostility expressed by reacting to frustration with verbal or physical aggression |
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| 11 | |
Which group would be expected to have the highest mortality rates? |
| | A) | married women |
| | B) | married men |
| | C) | unmarried women |
| | D) | unmarried men |
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| 12 | |
Alexandra wanted to make poached eggs for breakfast, but she accidentally broke the yolks as she cracked the eggs. Instead of getting upset, she said, "I guess I'll make an omelet instead." Alexandra is using which coping technique? |
| | A) | reappraisal |
| | B) | managing her reactions to stress |
| | C) | removing the stress |
| | D) | reaction formation |
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| 13 | |
Donna doesn't understand why her professor keeps returning her papers and asking her to rewrite them consistent with the instructions in the syllabus and the professor's comments. Rather than seek help from her professor, Donna stuffs the papers in her notebook and puts off rewriting them. Which coping strategy is she using? |
| | A) | passive-aggression |
| | B) | displacement |
| | C) | reaction formation |
| | D) | withdrawal |
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| 14 | |
Donald was very much in love with his girlfriend, but she just broke up with him. He decides that this is actually a good thing because she was a terrible nag and he could not see himself married to her. Donald is using which defense mechanism? |
| | A) | displacement |
| | B) | rationalization |
| | C) | sublimation |
| | D) | intellectualization |
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| 15 | |
Allegra is taught to sense the difference between when her muscles are tense and when they are relaxed. Then her therapist slowly takes her through all of the muscle groups to become aware of how tension and relaxation feel. With much practice, she is able to achieve a deep state of relaxation. Allegra is receiving what type of training? |
| | A) | muscle relaxation |
| | B) | biofeedback |
| | C) | systematic desensitization |
| | D) | progressive relaxation |
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| 16 | |
A problem with deriving meaningful results from health research that can be applied to the general population is that in the past |
| | A) | women have been unwilling to participate in the research. |
| | B) | women have been over represented in the samples studied. |
| | C) | women have been largely excluded from the studies. |
| | D) | the methods used to study the relationship between health and stress have not been technologically sophisticated. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following groups of women is at lowest risk for contracting AIDS, but is more likely to develop breast cancer? |
| | A) | lesbians |
| | B) | African Americans |
| | C) | Asian Americans |
| | D) | non-Hispanic whites |
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| 18 | |
The leading cause of death in the United States is |
| | A) | heart disease. |
| | B) | cancer. |
| | C) | infectious disease. |
| | D) | accidents. |
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| 19 | |
Studies show that providing psychological services to patients with health problems caused by stress, alcohol abuse, and other psychological factors |
| | A) | increases the overall cost of medical care, but decreases the number of days employees miss work due to illness. |
| | B) | decreases the overall cost of medical care, but increases the number of days employees miss work due to illness. |
| | C) | reduces the overall cost of medical care and reduces the number of days employees miss work due to illness. |
| | D) | increases the overall cost of medical care and increases the number of days employees miss work due to illness. |
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| 20 | |
Of the following, the incidence of AIDS is lowest in |
| | A) | Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| | B) | Arabic countries. |
| | C) | the United States. |
| | D) | technologically advanced cultures. |
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