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| 1 | |
Consciousness is |
| | A) | a state of awareness. |
| | B) | a sense of what's right and wrong. |
| | C) | the ultimate reality. |
| | D) | knowing what's going on around you. |
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| 2 | |
Sigmund Freud believed that daydreams |
| | A) | are psychologically unhealthy. |
| | B) | reduce the tension left by unfulfilled needs and wishes. |
| | C) | create tension. |
| | D) | are filled with regret, sorrow, and guilt. |
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| 3 | |
Recent research on divided consciousness suggests that talking on a cell phone while driving is |
| | A) | no more dangerous than listening to the radio while driving. |
| | B) | significantly less distracting with a hands-free phone than with a hand-held phone. |
| | C) | less dangerous than talking to a passenger in the car while driving. |
| | D) | dangerous to you and to other drivers. |
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| 4 | |
Selena is in a transitional state between wakefulness and dreaming. As she loses voluntary control over her body movements, her sensitivity to outside stimuli diminishes and her thoughts are less bound by reality. Selena is |
| | A) | in REM sleep. |
| | B) | in a hypnagogic state. |
| | C) | daydreaming. |
| | D) | in non-REM sleep. |
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| 5 | |
Daniel is in the phase of sleep called REM sleep. We can therefore assume that Daniel is likely to |
| | A) | be in a very deep stage of sleep from which it would be hard to awaken. |
| | B) | be having fleeting dreams with fragmentary impressions. |
| | C) | be dreaming. |
| | D) | have more voluntary control over his large body muscles than in other stages of sleep. |
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| 6 | |
Humans, for the most part, function on a biological cycle of approximately 24 hours. This cycle, which regulates our pattern of sleep, as well as other body functions, is called our |
| | A) | bodily rhythm. |
| | B) | circadian rhythms. |
| | C) | biological clock. |
| | D) | biorhythms. |
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| 7 | |
Sleep deprivation has been associated with |
| | A) | an increase in the risk of accidents. |
| | B) | increased night vision. |
| | C) | weight loss. |
| | D) | increased immune function. |
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| 8 | |
Research concerning the content of dreams suggests that |
| | A) | day-to-day events and people are rarely incorporated into our dreams. |
| | B) | we are more likely to remember the positive emotions in our dreams than the negative emotions. |
| | C) | most dreams contain negative emotions. |
| | D) | most dreams contain positive emotions. |
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| 9 | |
Freud referred to dreams as |
| | A) | the royal road to the unconscious. |
| | B) | hypnotic trances. |
| | C) | consolidation of daily residue. |
| | D) | meaningless neuronal firings. |
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| 10 | |
Although she gets an adequate amount of sleep, Elena often unexpectedly falls into a deep slumber when talking with clients in her office, especially when she is upset. Elena most likely suffers from |
| | A) | insomnia. |
| | B) | sleep apnea. |
| | C) | narcolepsy. |
| | D) | epilepsy. |
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| 11 | |
Rami is sitting in a relaxed position. He is breathing deeply, slowly, and rhythmically with his attention directed only at the breathing movements of his diaphragm. All of his other thoughts and feelings are gently blocked from consciousness. Rami is engaged in |
| | A) | self-hypnosis. |
| | B) | meditation. |
| | C) | depersonalization. |
| | D) | deep sleep. |
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| 12 | |
Focusing one's conscious awareness completely on what is presently happening is known as |
| | A) | hypnotic. |
| | B) | mindfulness. |
| | C) | transcendental. |
| | D) | awareness. |
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| 13 | |
Brandon has the sense that his body has become distorted and unreal. His surroundings also seem strangely distorted. This sensation, which is relatively common among young adults, is referred to as |
| | A) | self-hypnosis. |
| | B) | mindfulness. |
| | C) | depersonalization. |
| | D) | hypnotic analgesia. |
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| 14 | |
Psychotropic drugs |
| | A) | alter conscious experience. |
| | B) | are illegal. |
| | C) | are primarily used for research purposes. |
| | D) | heighten creativity. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following drugs is a narcotic? |
| | A) | cocaine |
| | B) | Seconal |
| | C) | methamphetamine |
| | D) | opium |
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| 16 | |
The term "drug abuse" rather than "drug dependence" typically refers to a situation in which |
| | A) | use of a drug sensitizes the pleasure and reward systems in the brain. |
| | B) | the drug's use results in reduction of negative feelings. |
| | C) | stimuli resulting in reward or reduction of negative withdrawal symptoms become associated with the effects of the drug. |
| | D) | the drug's use causes physical or psychological harm to the individual. |
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| 17 | |
Which legal drug leads to the death of nearly half a million people every year in the United States? |
| | A) | alcohol |
| | B) | caffeine |
| | C) | nicotine |
| | D) | prescription drugs |
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