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| 1 | |
__________ is defined as the intellectual processes through which information is obtained, transformed, stored, retrieved, and used. |
| | A) | Memory |
| | B) | Learning |
| | C) | Intelligence |
| | D) | Cognition |
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| 2 | |
The three primary facets of cognition are that (1) cognition processes information, (2) cognition is an active process, and (3) cognition is |
| | A) | useful. |
| | B) | adaptive. |
| | C) | thoughtful. |
| | D) | conceptual. |
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| 3 | |
What are the basic units of thinking? |
| | A) | natural concepts |
| | B) | analogies |
| | C) | concepts |
| | D) | prototypes |
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| 4 | |
Concepts that have a medium degree of inclusiveness, making them more natural and easier to learn and use, are referred to as _________ concepts. |
| | A) | simple |
| | B) | prototypical |
| | C) | basic |
| | D) | conjunctive |
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| 5 | |
Umberto wants to go to an Ivy League college. However, he does not have enough income to pay for his tuition, books, and living expenses. He meets with his academic advisor to explore different ways that he might overcome this obstacle to reach his goal. Umberto is engaged in the process of |
| | A) | information processing. |
| | B) | problem solving. |
| | C) | conceptualization. |
| | D) | creativity. |
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| 6 | |
Sally often uses systematic patterns of reasoning that guarantee a correct solution for her problems. She uses which method of problem solving? |
| | A) | algorithms |
| | B) | heuristics |
| | C) | trial-and-error |
| | D) | representativeness heuristics |
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| 7 | |
Ethan's teacher has directed him to find the "right answer" to an algebra problem. Leran's teacher has asked him to think of as many possible solutions as he can to an algebra problem. Which type of thinking is each boy being asked to use? |
| | A) | Both boys are being asked to use divergent thinking. |
| | B) | Ethan is being asked to use convergent thinking, and Leran is being asked to use divergent thinking. |
| | C) | Ethan is being asked to use divergent thinking, and Leran is being asked to use convergent thinking. |
| | D) | Both boys are being asked to use convergent thinking. |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following factors is the most important for being creative? |
| | A) | wisdom |
| | B) | intelligence |
| | C) | reasoning |
| | D) | hard work |
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| 9 | |
Like most people, Chanah uses a symbolic code to communicate. This symbolic code is known as |
| | A) | syntax. |
| | B) | language. |
| | C) | phonics. |
| | D) | phonemes. |
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| 10 | |
The meaning of language is its |
| | A) | syntax. |
| | B) | generative properties. |
| | C) | grammatical content. |
| | D) | semantic content. |
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| 11 | |
What aspect of human language appears to be lacking in the sign language that non-human primates have been taught to use to communicate? |
| | A) | meaning |
| | B) | requests |
| | C) | creativity |
| | D) | syntax |
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| 12 | |
refers to the cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experience, to reason well, and to cope effectively with the demands of daily living. |
| | A) | Wisdom |
| | B) | Creativity |
| | C) | Intelligence |
| | D) | Cognition |
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| 13 | |
Jamal received a scholarship to a state university because he has done well academically and athletically. As a skilled basketball player for his high school team, Jamal has demonstrated which of Gardner's intelligences? |
| | A) | spatial |
| | B) | naturalistic |
| | C) | intrapersonal |
| | D) | kinesthetic |
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| 14 | |
Serena has a mental age of six and a chronological age of five. Using the original IQ formula, what is her IQ? |
| | A) | 83 |
| | B) | 65 |
| | C) | 56 |
| | D) | 120 |
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| 15 | |
Professor Yarnell and her colleagues developed a new intelligence test. They wanted to be sure that the test would give consistent results when administered to the same people at different points in time. Professor Yarnell and her colleagues wanted to ensure what criterion of a good test? |
| | A) | validity |
| | B) | standardization |
| | C) | reliability |
| | D) | objectivity |
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| 16 | |
Researchers who measure "everyday intelligence" are measuring which concept? |
| | A) | creativity |
| | B) | specific intelligence |
| | C) | tacit intelligence |
| | D) | general intelligence |
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| 17 | |
Recent research on intelligence suggests that |
| | A) | intelligence is determined by hereditary factors and is only slightly affected by environment. |
| | B) | nutrition is considerably more important than intellectual stimulation in modifying a child's intelligence. |
| | C) | it is possible to increase intelligence scores by enriching children's intellectual environments. |
| | D) | environmental enrichment programs have little effect on children's later intellectual abilities. |
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| 18 | |
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray created a great deal of controversy in the field of intelligence when they suggested that |
| | A) | genes for intelligence in a population change only if people consistently mate with someone of their same level of intelligence. |
| | B) | families with the lowest incomes have more children than wealthier families, causing the overall intelligence of the population to decline. |
| | C) | children today have higher intelligence than their parents and grandparents. |
| | D) | differences in intelligence are the primary factor leading to inequalities in occupational success and income. |
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| 19 | |
A determination of mental retardation is based on |
| | A) | an individual's ability in self-care. |
| | B) | an individual's ability in relating to others. |
| | C) | an IQ of 70 or below, along with an individual's ability in self-care activities and relating to others. |
| | D) | an IQ of 70 or below. |
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| 20 | |
Among the steps we can take to improve our critical thinking skills are to increase our mental effort and to |
| | A) | improve problem formulation. |
| | B) | avoid general strategies for problem solving. |
| | C) | incorporate mental sets into our problem solving strategies. |
| | D) | avoid thinking too much about thinking. |
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