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- A person who experiences alternating periods of mania and depression suffers from bipolar disorder.
- Mania is an extended state of intense, wild elation.
- Depression is a period of low activity and sadness.
- Mood disorders have received a good deal of study, and several approaches have been used to explain the disorder.
- Psychoanalytic approaches see depression as the result of feelings of loss (real or potential) or of anger directed at oneself.
- Convincing evidence has been found that both bipolar disorder and major depression may have genetic and biochemical roots.
- Behavioral theories of depression argue that the stresses of life produce a reduction in positive reinforcers.
- Psychologist Martin Seligman suggests that depression is largely a response to learned helplessness.
Learned helplessness is a learned expectation that events in one's life are uncontrollable and that one cannot escape from the situation.
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