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| 1.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to stress? |
| | A) | An event is perceived as less stressful if it is uncontrollable. |
| | B) | Predictable aversive events are more stressful than unpredictable ones because you know the aversive event is going to occur. |
| | C) | Positive life changes are stressful because they challenge our self-concept. |
| | D) | There are no gender differences in regards to responses to stressful circumstances. |
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| 2.
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During the fight-or-flight response, the pituitary gland secretes: |
| | A) | cortisol. |
| | B) | epinephrine. |
| | C) | adrenocorticotrophic hormone. |
| | D) | norepinephrine. |
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| 3.
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According to Hans Selye, the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome are: |
| | A) | relaxation, action and adaptation. |
| | B) | alarm, resistance and exhaustion. |
| | C) | stress, fight and flight. |
| | D) | mobilization, physiological response and psychological response. |
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| 4.
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Which of the following health psychology models suggests that psychological factors affect disease largely by influencing whether people engage in health-promoting behaviors? |
| | A) | indirect effects model |
| | B) | interactive model |
| | C) | direct effects model |
| | D) | vulnerability model |
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| 5.
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Which of the following statements is false in regards to coronary heart disease (CHD)? |
| | A) | CHD is the leading cause of death of women in the United States. |
| | B) | Most CHD deaths in the United States occur before the age of 65. |
| | C) | CHD is more common in European Americans than Hispanic Americans. |
| | D) | CHD is the leading cause of chronic illness in the United States. |
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| 6.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to hypertension? |
| | A) | Eighty percent of all cases of hypertension can be traced to genetic or to specific organic causes. |
| | B) | Essential hypertension is rare. |
| | C) | Hypertension is a condition in which the supply of blood through the vessels is restricted. |
| | D) | The children of parents with hypertension show a stronger blood pressure response to a wide variety of stressors. |
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| 7.
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Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation and health is false? |
| | A) | Sleep deprivation correlates with lower grades in school. |
| | B) | Women are more affected by the effects of lack of sleep than men. |
| | C) | People who get fewer than six hours of sleep per night have a 70% higher mortality rate than do those who sleep at least seven or eight hours per night. |
| | D) | People who work rotating shifts have higher rates of illness than those who do not work such shifts. |
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| 8.
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According to the DSM-IV, which type of sleep disorder includes dyssomnias and parasomnias? |
| | A) | sleep disorders related to another mental disorder |
| | B) | primary sleep disorders |
| | C) | sleep disorders due to a general medical condition |
| | D) | substance-induced sleep disorders |
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| 9.
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Which of the following is not required for a diagnosis of primary insomnia? |
| | A) | The successful use of sleep medications such as benzodiazepines. |
| | B) | Symptoms must be present for at least one month. |
| | C) | The symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning. |
| | D) | The absence of a mental disorder, a medical condition or substance abuse that could have caused the insomnia. |
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| 10.
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Complaints of insomnia: |
| | A) | increase with socioeconomic status. |
| | B) | increase when insomniacs find themselves in unfamiliar settings, such as hotels. |
| | C) | increase with decreased arousal levels. |
| | D) | increase with age. |
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| 11.
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A component of effective cognitive-behavioral interventions for insomnia is: |
| | A) | guided mastery. |
| | B) | antidepressant therapy. |
| | C) | biofeedback. |
| | D) | sleep restriction therapy. |
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| 12.
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_____ is characterized by episodes of sudden loss of muscle tone. |
| | A) | Cataplexy |
| | B) | Apnea |
| | C) | Hypersomnia |
| | D) | Narcolepsy |
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| 13.
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Which of the following is used to help people learn to control their own negative physiological responses? |
| | A) | guided mastery techniques |
| | B) | support groups |
| | C) | biofeedback |
| | D) | social techniques |
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| 14.
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Which of the following is not a type of symptom required for diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder? |
| | A) | reexperiencing the traumatic event |
| | B) | emotional numbing and detachment |
| | C) | hypervigilance and chronic arousal |
| | D) | suicidal tendencies |
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| 15.
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What is the main difference between acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? |
| | A) | ASD occurs within one month of exposure to the stressor and is short-lived. |
| | B) | Dissociative symptoms are more prominent in PTSD. |
| | C) | ASD and PTSD occur in response to different types of traumas. |
| | D) | The stressors that lead to ASD are more severe in nature. |
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| 16.
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Which of the following is not one of the potent predictors of people's reactions to trauma? |
| | A) | severity of the trauma |
| | B) | duration of the trauma |
| | C) | the number of people who experience the trauma |
| | D) | proximity of the individual to the trauma |
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| 17.
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Which part of the brain appears to be hyper-reactive to trauma-related stimuli in PTSD sufferers? |
| | A) | cortex |
| | B) | amygdala |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | hypothalamus |
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| 18.
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Which of the following is a physiological response to stress typically experienced by PTSD sufferers? |
| | A) | low levels of cortisol |
| | B) | slow heart rate |
| | C) | decreased secretion of epinephrine |
| | D) | decreased secretion of norepinephrine |
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| 19.
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A treatment for PTSD which involves teaching clients skills for overcoming problems in their lives that are increasing their stress is called: |
| | A) | thought-stopping. |
| | B) | systematic desensitization. |
| | C) | stress-management. |
| | D) | eye movement desensitization. |
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| 20.
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Statistics on sexual assault indicate that: |
| | A) | most female rape victims experience their first sexual assault during early adulthood. |
| | B) | most female victims of abuse are elderly and unable to defend themselves. |
| | C) | across the globe, one woman in three has been abused in her lifetime. |
| | D) | in the U.S., approximately two percent of women have been the victims of completed rape. |
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