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| 1 | |
Which of the following is NOT a basic issue for theorists in explaining development? |
| | A) | whether people are active or passive in their own development |
| | B) | whether development is continuous or occurs in stages |
| | C) | the role of researchers' inherent values and personal experiences |
| | D) | the relative weight given to heredity and environment |
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| 2 | |
A mechanistic model of college students' drinking behaviors would look at |
| | A) | interactions between biological and environmental influences. |
| | B) | the types of courses students choose to take, such as biology (where they learn about the physical effects of alcohol) or math (which does not teach them about alcohol). |
| | C) | environmental influences such as advertising, peer pressure, and consequences that a college administration imposes for drunkenness. |
| | D) | hereditary factors, such as a genetic predisposition to alcoholism in the family. |
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| 3 | |
As you stand in line at the grocery store, you notice the checker frowns and is rude to customers in line ahead of you. You decide to try out what you are learning in your psychology class, so when it's your turn, you say to her, "Rough day, huh?" She immediately smiles at you, thanks you for your concern, and you notice she is nice to all the customers behind you. You leave the store feeling good for cheering her up. This illustrates |
| | A) | an organismic approach. |
| | B) | a mechanistic approach. |
| | C) | bidirectional influence. |
| | D) | interactional influence. |
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| 4 | |
Freud's name for the part of the personality that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification, is the |
| | A) | id. |
| | B) | ego. |
| | C) | superego. |
| | D) | superid. |
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| 5 | |
Erik Erikson extended Freudian theory by emphasizing |
| | A) | the presence from birth of sexual urges. |
| | B) | the influences of society and culture on development. |
| | C) | the role of childhood experiences in forming personality. |
| | D) | unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations. |
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| 6 | |
As a child, Albert was bitten and scratched many times by the vicious family hamster. Now, as an adult, he finds that he is uncomfortable when his own children want to look at a zoo exhibit featuring small rodents. Albert's current fear is a result of |
| | A) | an unstable chronosystem. |
| | B) | classical conditioning. |
| | C) | faulty information processing. |
| | D) | his unresolved Oedipus complex. |
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| 7 | |
Piaget suggested that children develop their thinking through adaptation, which includes two different processes: |
| | A) | assimilation and resistance. |
| | B) | accommodation and equilibration. |
| | C) | equilibration and organization. |
| | D) | assimilation and accommodation. |
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| 8 | |
Arturo, a fourth-grader, is teaching his 7-year-old brother to put together a model airplane. First Arturo shows Abel how to set up the pieces, then how to glue pieces together. Next Arturo guides his brother's hands as they glue two more pieces together. Finally, Arturo watches Abel glue pieces by himself. Vygotsky suggested this type of learning occurs in |
| | A) | a microsystem. |
| | B) | the latency stage. |
| | C) | a contextual setting. |
| | D) | the zone of proximal development. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following is an example of a behavior that evolutionary psychologists would view as adaptive for the survival of our species? |
| | A) | sudden food aversions during pregnancy |
| | B) | babies' ability to cry to attract the attention of their mothers |
| | C) | all of these |
| | D) | men's interest in attractive, healthy-looking women |
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| 10 | |
Miranda is doing a research study using Bronfenbrenner's model to look at all the different influences on development. In the part of her paper that talks about the macrosystem, Miranda will most likely focus on |
| | A) | the setting in which individuals interact with others on an everyday, face-to-face basis. |
| | B) | the linkages between two or more microsystems. |
| | C) | society's overall cultural patterns. |
| | D) | the effects of time on other developmental systems. |
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| 11 | |
Keeshon has a summer job working for a psychology professor. He conducts telephone interviews with parents about their children's participation in team sports. He asks every parent the same set of questions. This data collection method is referred to as a(n) |
| | A) | questionnaire. |
| | B) | naturalistic observation. |
| | C) | structured interview. |
| | D) | open-ended interview. |
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| 12 | |
Dr. Martinez wants to study the effects of parental cheerfulness in the morning upon the school performance of teenagers. She defines parental cheerfulness as the number of remarks with a positive theme uttered by the parent as a percentage of that parent's total number of remarks. Dr. Martinez has created an _____ definition. |
| | A) | oedipal |
| | B) | operational |
| | C) | observational |
| | D) | open-ended |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is an example of a correlational study? |
| | A) | Betty invites two groups of children to a laboratory. One group is allowed to smash all the rocks they want, while the other group may only look at the rocks. Betty measures differences in aggressive behavior between the two groups. |
| | B) | Wilma goes to live with a small group of pterodactyl hunters for a year and then publishes detailed observations about their customs and beliefs. |
| | C) | Barney makes careful observations of Mr. Rockstone's behavior as well as studying Rockstone's diaries, medical records, and even his grade-school report cards. |
| | D) | Fred statistically determines whether the average number of brontosaurus burgers eaten per week by a group of quarry workers is related to their body weights. |
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| 14 | |
In a longitudinal research study, researchers assess |
| | A) | the same person or group of people more than once. |
| | B) | people of different ages at the same time. |
| | C) | people in their natural settings. |
| | D) | the effects of independent variables upon dependent variables. |
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| 15 | |
After she conducts a a study on adolescent Internet use, Dr. Green sells the names and addresses of the study's participants to an Internet service provider that wants to get customers to upgrade their service. Dr. Green has violated the participants' right to |
| | A) | deception. |
| | B) | informed consent. |
| | C) | confidentiality and privacy. |
| | D) | harm and loss of dignity. |
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