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| 1 | |
When sperm and ovum meet at fertilization, or conception, they merge to produce a(n) |
| | A) | zygote. |
| | B) | embryo. |
| | C) | teratogen. |
| | D) | fetus. |
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| 2 | |
Monozygotic, or identical, twins share the same genes, but they may not look or act entirely the same because of differences in their |
| | A) | sex chromosomes. |
| | B) | DNA. |
| | C) | experiences. |
| | D) | heredity. |
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| 3 | |
Genes are located on long strands of DNA known as |
| | A) | bases. |
| | B) | chromosomes. |
| | C) | mitosis. |
| | D) | zygotes. |
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| 4 | |
George and Jane have just conceived a zygote that is a genetic male, with XY chromosomes. In about six to eight weeks, the embryo will start to produce |
| | A) | Wnt-4. |
| | B) | another X chromosome. |
| | C) | teratogens. |
| | D) | testosterone. |
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| 5 | |
The combination of genetic and environmental factors in determining a person's phenotype is called |
| | A) | recessive inheritance. |
| | B) | multifactorial transmission. |
| | C) | polygenic mutation. |
| | D) | incomplete dominance. |
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| 6 | |
Keesha's father has diabetes, but her mother does not. Keesha's doctor has told her parents that Keesha's risk of developing diabetes is increased because certain genetic traits are more or less likely to be expressed in a child, depending on which parent they are inherited from. This phenomenon is called |
| | A) | dizygotic inheritance. |
| | B) | incomplete dominance. |
| | C) | genetic imprinting. |
| | D) | mutation. |
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| 7 | |
Down syndrome, also called trisomy-21, is caused by abnormalities in cell division of |
| | A) | autosomes. |
| | B) | recessive genes. |
| | C) | sex chromosomes. |
| | D) | dominant genes. |
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| 8 | |
Researchers study heritability of traits using |
| | A) | all of these. |
| | B) | adoption studies. |
| | C) | family studies. |
| | D) | twin studies. |
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| 9 | |
Although neither of Lynx's parents is very athletic or interested in soccer, they noticed that Lynx loves to play soccer, so they have made special efforts to help him join a team every year since he was four years old. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? |
| | A) | passive |
| | B) | active |
| | C) | reactive |
| | D) | niche-picking |
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| 10 | |
Genetic influence on a person's intelligence seems to increase with |
| | A) | socioeconomic status. |
| | B) | spatial abilities. |
| | C) | age. |
| | D) | body mass index. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is a function of the placenta? |
| | A) | all of these |
| | B) | producing hormones and combating infections |
| | C) | cushioning the baby and giving it room to move |
| | D) | developing into skin, muscles, and skeleton system |
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| 12 | |
Research on moderate exercise and nonstrenuous employment during pregnancy has shown that |
| | A) | both are safe for most women with low-risk pregnancies. |
| | B) | exercise is safe, but nearly all women should quit their jobs as soon as they learn that they are pregnant. |
| | C) | work is safe during pregnancy, but pregnant women should avoid exercise. |
| | D) | both are unrecognized hazards that women in the United States should start to avoid. |
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| 13 | |
Unless vital for the mother's or baby's health, doctors recommend that pregnant women avoid taking |
| | A) | prescription drugs. |
| | B) | prenatal vitamin supplements. |
| | C) | vacations. |
| | D) | naps. |
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| 14 | |
At school age, a child of a mother who smoked during the pregnancy is at increased risk for |
| | A) | identification as intellectually gifted. |
| | B) | elite levels of athletic performance. |
| | C) | learning and neurological problems. |
| | D) | social and moral leadership. |
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| 15 | |
Pregnant women who are over 35 years old and those who are still adolescents have something in common: an increased risk of having babies who are born |
| | A) | past their due dates. |
| | B) | premature or underweight. |
| | C) | unusually large. |
| | D) | with no complications. |
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