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| 1 | |
Infantile amnesia is |
| | A) | what happens when parents forget to pick up their baby at day care. |
| | B) | a regression to an earlier stage of thinking that tends to occur in late adulthood. |
| | C) | the inability to remember events that happened before about age 2. |
| | D) | a childish determination to forget unpleasant events. |
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| 2 | |
The developmental quotients (DQs) scored by infants who take the Bayley Scales of Infant Development are useful for |
| | A) | all of these. |
| | B) | predicting children's eventual school performance. |
| | C) | determining causes of individual differences among babies. |
| | D) | early detection of emotional and cognitive problems. |
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| 3 | |
Six-month-old Mallory taps buttons on her "busy box" toy because her taps cause the toy to make sounds she enjoys. Mallory's behavior represents which substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage? |
| | A) | fifth |
| | B) | third |
| | C) | first |
| | D) | sixth |
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| 4 | |
According to Piaget, the development of representational ability improves children's thinking because it |
| | A) | lets them repeat actions for their own pleasure. |
| | B) | convinces them of object permanence. |
| | C) | stops them deferring imitation. |
| | D) | frees them from immediate experience. |
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| 5 | |
Marta cannot use the placement of a tiny version of her favorite toy truck in a dollhouse-sized model of her day-care classroom to help her find the real toy truck in the real classroom. Marta is having problems with |
| | A) | deferred imitation. |
| | B) | dual representation. |
| | C) | object permanence. |
| | D) | circular reactions. |
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| 6 | |
In a research study, Liu begins sucking on a pacifier again after taking a short break to gaze at some interesting pictures that appeared on a screen. Then, the pictures are changed and Liu again stops sucking to gaze at them. Liu is showing |
| | A) | habituation. |
| | B) | object permanence. |
| | C) | cross-modal transfer. |
| | D) | dishabituation. |
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| 7 | |
Studies that have attempted to predict later IQ based on infant information-processing abilities suggest that |
| | A) | infants use abilities that are similar to those later measured by intelligence tests. |
| | B) | the thinking of infants is very different from that of older children and adults. |
| | C) | it is impossible predict later IQ with even a modest degree of accuracy. |
| | D) | highly reliable predictions are possible because environment plays little role in IQ scores. |
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| 8 | |
On the basis of violation-of-expectations research, some information-processing researchers have suggested that |
| | A) | all of these. |
| | B) | at birth, babies may already have built-in knowledge of physical principles. |
| | C) | infants may develop object permanence and understanding of numbers much earlier than Piaget thought they did. |
| | D) | babies are born with innate learning mechanisms that help them make sense of information they encounter. |
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| 9 | |
Researchers have been able to link development of an area in the prefrontal cortex of the brain to the development of |
| | A) | violated expectations. |
| | B) | dual representation. |
| | C) | object permanence. |
| | D) | circular reactions. |
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| 10 | |
Jorge's father helps Jorge play with his shape-sorter toy, teaching him which shapes fit in which holes. According to Vygotsky's theory, this is an example of |
| | A) | violation of expectations. |
| | B) | habituation. |
| | C) | guided participation. |
| | D) | dual representation. |
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| 11 | |
Infants' _____ vocabularies are usually larger than their _____ vocabularies. |
| | A) | active; passive |
| | B) | representative; expressive |
| | C) | passive; expressive |
| | D) | expressive; telegraphic |
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| 12 | |
Willa says, "uppy!" when she wants her parents to pick her up. She also says it to indicate that an object is higher than she can reach, and to describe herself when she is seated in her high chair. For Willa, "uppy" is a(n) |
| | A) | holophrase. |
| | B) | language acquisition device. |
| | C) | dual representation. |
| | D) | underextension. |
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| 13 | |
A child who says, "I runned over Puppy's tail," is displaying a characteristic of early speech known as |
| | A) | overextension. |
| | B) | overregularization. |
| | C) | underextension. |
| | D) | overrunning. |
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| 14 | |
Chomsky proposed that people are born with a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), which is a |
| | A) | built-in capacity for learning language. |
| | B) | part of the brain particularly sensitive to praise for correct utterances. |
| | C) | group of neurons that coordinate code switching. |
| | D) | small digital recorder that is not actually inborn, but implanted by the doctor just above the newborn's ear. |
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| 15 | |
Aisha is reading to her toddler. As she reads, she asks her child questions that call for predictions, like, "What do you think Elmer is going to do with those berries?" Aisha is using the _____ style of reading. |
| | A) | telegraphic |
| | B) | comprehender |
| | C) | performance-oriented |
| | D) | descriptive |
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