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| 1 | |
Veronica is a normal 5-month-old infant. Veronica's father hears her cry. The cry occurs suddenly with no preliminary moaning and is followed by Veronica holding her breath. This suggests that Veronica is |
| | A) | hungry. |
| | B) | frustrated. |
| | C) | in pain. |
| | D) | angry. |
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| 2 | |
Children cannot develop self-conscious emotions, such as embarrassment, empathy, or envy, until they have developed |
| | A) | self-awareness. |
| | B) | egocentrism. |
| | C) | self-evaluative emotions. |
| | D) | knowledge of society's standards. |
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| 3 | |
Rory cries and fusses frequently and does not like new situations. His mom and dad never know quite what will upset him and they cannot predict his sleeping and eating schedule from day to day. Rory would be classified as having a(n) _____ temperament. |
| | A) | slow-to-warm-up |
| | B) | easy |
| | C) | difficult |
| | D) | biologically inhibited |
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| 4 | |
Which toddler is most likely to remain shy at age 3? |
| | A) | Ross, whose parents push him to try new things |
| | B) | Gary, who has been in day care for two years |
| | C) | Jay, whose parents accept his reactions |
| | D) | Malcolm, whose parents are highly punitive |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following describes the roles of fathers across the world? |
| | A) | Fathering is a social construction, different in different cultures. |
| | B) | Fathers are unnecessary in most developed nations. |
| | C) | The father's role is a social construction that is, nevertheless, remarkably similar across cultures. |
| | D) | Fathers are strongly influenced by evolution to behave nearly the same way in every culture. |
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| 6 | |
One of the earliest behavioral differences between boys and girls occurs between 1 and 2 years of age, when |
| | A) | boys, but not girls, talk. |
| | B) | both boys and girls respond only to adults of their same sex. |
| | C) | both boys and girls prefer toys, play activities, and playmates consistent with their own gender. |
| | D) | girls, but not boys, start to talk. |
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| 7 | |
When one-year-old May was placed in the "Strange Situation," she responded to her mother's return with anger, although she stayed close to her mother during most of the observations. May shows which attachment behavior? |
| | A) | ambivalent |
| | B) | secure |
| | C) | disorganized/disoriented |
| | D) | avoidant |
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| 8 | |
Babies who express their wariness of new people are showing |
| | A) | stranger anxiety. |
| | B) | warning signs of severe emotional disorders. |
| | C) | separation anxiety. |
| | D) | school readiness by exhibiting an early grasp of the concept of "stranger danger." |
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| 9 | |
The sensitive give-and-take in communication between infants and their caregivers that results in emotional comfort is known as |
| | A) | mutual avoidance. |
| | B) | mutual regulation. |
| | C) | self-evaluative regulation. |
| | D) | situational compliance. |
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| 10 | |
A clown approaches 18-month-old Jon at a fair. Jon seems not quite sure how to react to the clown, and looks at this dad for some guidance. Jon is engaging in |
| | A) | socialization. |
| | B) | social referencing. |
| | C) | social stigmatization. |
| | D) | social internalization. |
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| 11 | |
When 2-year-old Li, says, "No! I do it," Li is showing a desire for |
| | A) | shame and doubt. |
| | B) | regulation. |
| | C) | autonomy. |
| | D) | security. |
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| 12 | |
Which child is most likely to become what Kochanska would call a committed complier? |
| | A) | Kolya, who proceeds to touch things right after his father has said, "No! Don't touch!" |
| | B) | Talya, whose mother uses gentle guidance to achieve compliance |
| | C) | Grazyna, whose mother threatens to punish her if the child does not comply |
| | D) | Tasha, who tends to forget her mother's instructions when the mother is out of sight |
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| 13 | |
Which child is most likely to pay more attention to her toys than to other children? |
| | A) | 9-month-old Yvonne |
| | B) | 2-month-old Zoe |
| | C) | 12-month-old Xenia |
| | D) | 20-month-old Wanda |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following factors affects the impact of early child care upon children's well being? |
| | A) | the warmth and sensitivity of the caregiver |
| | B) | time spent in care |
| | C) | all of these |
| | D) | ratio of children to caregivers |
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| 15 | |
In more than 8 out of 10 cases of physical child abuse or neglect, the perpetrator is |
| | A) | the child's parent, usually the mother. |
| | B) | a child-care provider. |
| | C) | the child's father. |
| | D) | a stranger. |
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