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10.1 Halving the Chromosome Number
  • Due to meiosis, reproductive cells contain half the total number of chromosomes.
  • Meiosis requires two cell divisions and results in four daughter cells.
  1. Cells with a single copy of each chromosome are called _______________, while those with two copies of each chromosome are called ______________.
    Answer
  2. The majority of cells in the bodies of animals are ______________ in terms of chromosome number, while gametes are _______________.
    Answer
  3. Describe homologous chromosomes.
    Answer
  4. What is synapsis?
    Answer
  5. In Meiosis I, ______________ move into separate cells and in Meiosis II, _____________ move into separate cells.

    1. sister chromatids; paternal chromosomes
    2. maternal chromosomes; homologous chromosomes
    3. homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids
    4. maternal chromosomes; paternal chromosomes
    5. sister chromotids; homologous chromosomes
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Sexual reproduction
  2. Homologous pairs of chromosomes
  3. Overview of meiosis
Animations
(To play the animation, lengthen the pop-up window until the control bar appears.) Animation Quizzes Explorations
10.2 Genetic Recombination
  • The process of meiosis ensures that the daughter cells will not have the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parental cell.
  • The shuffling of genes due to meiosis and fertilization assists the reproductive process.
  1. What is genetic recombination and in what two ways does this occur during meiosis?

    2. Answer
  2. The process by which non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair exchange sections (and thus genes) is called what?
    Answer
  3. At the end of crossing-over, are sister chromatids still identical to each other and why or why not?
    Answer
  4. How does independent assortment lead to genetic recombination?
    Answer
  5. Under what conditions is sexual reproduction an advantage over asexual reproduction and why?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Genetic recombination
  2. Crossing over introduces variation
  3. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes
  4. Fertilization
Animations
(To play the animation, lengthen the pop-up window until the control bar appears.) Lab exercises
10.3 The Phases of Meiosis
  • Meiosis I and meiosis II each have four phases each.
  • During meiosis I the chromosomes are no longer duplicated.
  1. What are the end products of Meiosis I?
    Answer
  2. What are the end products of Meiosis II?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Number of phases
  2. Prophase I
  3. Metaphase I
  4. Anaphase I
  5. Telophase I
  6. Interkinesis
  7. Meiosis II
Labeling Exercises Animations
(To play the animation, lengthen the pop-up window until the control bar appears.)
10.4 Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis
  • Meiosis differs from mitosis both in occurrence and in process.
  1. How many daughter cells are produced during Mitosis and Meiosis, what is the ploidy number of each, and how do they compare to the parental cell?
    Answer
  2. What types of animal cells undergo Meiosis and Mitosis and for what reasons?
    Answer
Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. How meiosis I differs from mitosis
  2. How meiosis II differs from mitosis
10.5 The Human Life Cycle
  • The human life cycle includes both mitosis and meiosis.
  • In humans, and many other animals, meiosis is a part of the production of sperm in males and eggs in females.
  • When the sperm fertilizes the egg, the full number of chromosomes is restored to offspring.
  1. In humans, what type of cells is created by spermatogenesis and what type by oogenesis?
    Answer
  2. How many chromosomes are found in each human cell?
    Answer
  3. How many egg cells are produced during each meiotic event in human females and why?
    Answer
Summaries of major points:
  1. Life cycle has both meiosis and mitosis
  2. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans





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