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| 1 | |
Chromosomes contain _____. |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 2 | |
The experiment by _____ showed that DNA not protein is the genetic material. |
| | A) | Griffith |
| | B) | Watson and Crick |
| | C) | Hershey and Chase |
| | D) | Mendel |
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| 3 | |
In Griffith's experiment DNA from S strain bacteria caused R strain bacteria to be transformed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Nucleic acids can be distinguished from proteins by _____. |
| | A) | the presence of phosphorous in nucleic acids |
| | B) | the presence of sulfur in nucleic acids |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 5 | |
Nucleic acids contain _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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| 6 | |
Nucleotides contain _____. |
| | A) | sulfur |
| | B) | a nitrogen containing base |
| | C) | a 6-carbon sugar |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 7 | |
There is/are _____ type(s) of nucleic acid(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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| 8 | |
In Griffith's experiment _____. |
| | A) | S strain bacteria killed the mice |
| | B) | R strain bacteria killed the mice |
| | C) | heat-killed S strain bacteria killed the mice |
| | D) | a mixture of heat-killed S strain bacteria and R strain bacteria failed to kill the mice |
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| 9 | |
Griffith's S strain bacteria produced a capsule which gave the colonies their shiny and smooth appearance. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
Genetic information must _____. |
| | A) | be able to store information |
| | B) | stable so it can be replicated and passed from one generation to the next |
| | C) | be able to undergo changes that increase genetic variability |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | |
The ability of the genetic material to _____ provides the genetic variability required for evolution to occur. |
| | A) | store information |
| | B) | be replicated |
| | C) | undergo changes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 12 | |
The development and metabolic activities of the cell or organism depend on the ability of the genetic material to _____. |
| | A) | store information |
| | B) | be replicated |
| | C) | undergo changes |
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| 13 | |
Bacteriophages are _____. |
| | A) | mutant bacterial cells |
| | B) | pathogenic bacteria |
| | C) | viruses that attack bacteria |
| | D) | bacteria that attack the cells of humans' intestines |
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| 14 | |
The result of Hershey and Chase's T2 experiments showed that the _____ of the virus enters the host where viral replication takes place. |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 15 | |
DNA's nucleotides contain _____. |
| | A) | deoxyribose sugar |
| | B) | a phosphate group |
| | C) | nitrogen containing bases |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Transformation can make bacteria resistant to penicillin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
DNA is a _____. |
| | A) | polymer |
| | B) | monomer |
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| 18 | |
The hydrolysis of DNA results in _____. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | monosaccharides |
| | C) | nucleotides |
| | D) | fatty acids |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following is a nucleic acid? |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | DNA polymerase |
| | C) | helicase |
| | D) | both B and C |
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| 20 | |
Griffith concluded from his experiments that some substance necessary for the synthesis of a capsule must have been passed from the dead S strain bacteria to the living R strain bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Avery's research showed that DNA is the transforming substance based on the observation that _____. |
| | A) | enzymes that degrade proteins did not prevent transformation |
| | B) | RNase, an enzyme that digests RNA, did not prevent transformation |
| | C) | Dnase, an enzyme that digests DNA did prevent transformation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
A protein coat surrounding a genetic core describes a _____. |
| | A) | bacterium |
| | B) | virus |
| | C) | eukaryotic cell |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 23 | |
Hershey and Chase used radioactive _____ to label the DNA core of the bacteriophage. |
| | A) | phosphorous |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | carbon |
| | D) | sulfur |
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| 24 | |
Hershey and Chase's experiments depending upon the presence of _____ distinguishes proteins from DNA |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | sulfur |
| | D) | oxygen |
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| 25 | |
When Hershey and Chase radioactively labeled the DNA of the bacteriophage, they found radioactive phosphorous _____. |
| | A) | in the bacterial cells |
| | B) | in the liquid medium |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 26 | |
Hershey and Chase used _____ as tracers of the DNA and protein. |
| | A) | chemiluminescence |
| | B) | radioactive isotopes |
| | C) | ions |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 27 | |
The structure of DNA was described by _____. |
| | A) | Watson and Crick |
| | B) | Mendel |
| | C) | Redi |
| | D) | Chargaff |
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| 28 | |
A purine is always bonded to a pyrimidine. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
The structure of DNA was described _____. |
| | A) | in the 1850's |
| | B) | in 1900 |
| | C) | in the 1950's |
| | D) | in 1990 |
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| 30 | |
Chargaff's experiments showed that the amount of A, T, G and C is the same from species to species. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
In DNA, the 5-carbon sugar is _____. |
| | A) | deoxyribose |
| | B) | adenine |
| | C) | uracil |
| | D) | ribose |
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| 32 | |
If a section of DNA has 13% thymine, then there is _____ adenine. |
| | A) | 13% |
| | B) | 26% |
| | C) | 37% |
| | D) | 74% |
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| 33 | |
If there is 29% guanine in a section of DNA, then there is _____ thymine. |
| | A) | 21% |
| | B) | 29% |
| | C) | 42% |
| | D) | 58% |
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| 34 | |
Only some species, like Zea mays and E. coli, have 25% of each kind of nucleotide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 35 | |
The percentage of A + G equals _____. |
| | A) | 26% |
| | B) | 50% |
| | C) | 80% |
| | D) | 100% |
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| 36 | |
Thymine (T) and cytosine (C) have pyridimine bases which have a _____ ring |
| | A) | single |
| | B) | double |
| | C) | triple |
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| 37 | |
Adenine (A) and guanine (G) have _____ bases. |
| | A) | purine |
| | B) | pyrimidine |
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| 38 | |
The tetranucleotide hypothesis, which said that DNA has repeating unit, each with one of the four bases, was not supported by Chargaff's data. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 39 | |
A concentrated viscous solution of DNA can be separated into fibers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 40 | |
The nitrogen-containing bases in DNA include _____. |
| | A) | adenine |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | glycerol |
| | D) | leucine |
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| 41 | |
A purine is always bonded to a pyrimidine because two pyrimidines together are too narrow and two purines together are too wide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 42 | |
The data that showed that DNA is a helix was collected by _____. |
| | A) | James Watson |
| | B) | Rosalind Franklin |
| | C) | Francis Darwin |
| | D) | Frederick Griffith |
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| 43 | |
Franklin's X-ray diffraction of DNA showed that _____. |
| | A) | purines have base with a double ring |
| | B) | A equals T |
| | C) | DNA not proteins is the genetic material |
| | D) | DNA is a helix |
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| 44 | |
The Watson and Crick model shows that _____. |
| | A) | A is hydrogen bonded to T |
| | B) | T is hydrogen bonded to G |
| | C) | G is hydrogen bonded to C |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 45 | |
If a segment of DNA contains 430 nucleotides and 120 of the nucleotides are guanine, there will be _____ cytosine nucleotides. |
| | A) | 120 |
| | B) | 190 |
| | C) | 95 |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 46 | |
Complementary base pairing means that _____. |
| | A) | adenine always bonds with guanine |
| | B) | guanine always bonds with thymine |
| | C) | guanine always bonds with cytosine |
| | D) | thymine always bonds with cytosine |
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| 47 | |
A good analogy for DNA's structure is a _____. |
| | A) | zipper |
| | B) | twisted ladder |
| | C) | coiled up garden hose |
| | D) | dead battery |
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| 48 | |
The rungs of ladder (DNA) are the _____. |
| | A) | deoxyribose sugars |
| | B) | phosphate groups |
| | C) | hydrogen-bonded bases |
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| 49 | |
The two strands of DNA are parallel to each other with the 5' end of one strand opposite the 5' end of the other strand. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 50 | |
Sugar-phosphate backbones make up the _____ of the ladder (DNA). |
| | A) | sides |
| | B) | rungs |
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| 51 | |
Which of the following is not found in DNA? |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | sulfur |
| | D) | hydrogen |
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| 52 | |
The nucleotides of DNA have __________ bases. |
| | A) | purine |
| | B) | pyrimidine |
| | C) | either A or B |
| | D) | neither A or B |
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| 53 | |
Replication of DNA requires _____. |
| | A) | unwinding |
| | B) | complementary base pairing |
| | C) | joining |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 54 | |
The process of copying a DNA molecule is called _____. |
| | A) | translation |
| | B) | hydrolysis |
| | C) | replication |
| | D) | transcription |
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| 55 | |
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in how replication takes place. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 56 | |
DNA repair enzymes reverse damage done by _____. |
| | A) | UV radiation |
| | B) | pesticides |
| | C) | tobacco smoke chemicals |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 57 | |
After replication one daughter DNA molecule is composed entirely of new nucleotides. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 58 | |
DNA replication is best described as _____. |
| | A) | completely conservative |
| | B) | semiconservative |
| | C) | a very slow process |
| | D) | error free |
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| 59 | |
In _____ replication can occur in two directions at once because the DNA molecule is circular. |
| | A) | prokaryotes |
| | B) | eukaryotes |
| | C) | viruses |
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| 60 | |
All genetic mutations are due to DNA damage by environmental factors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 61 | |
Helicase is the enzyme that breaks covalent bonds between the complementary bases of DNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 62 | |
The unwinding of DNA is done by _____. |
| | A) | DNA polymerase |
| | B) | DNA repair enzymes |
| | C) | helicase |
| | D) | DNA ligase |
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| 63 | |
DNA replication takes place _____. |
| | A) | during interphase |
| | B) | prior to mitosis |
| | C) | prior to meiosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 64 | |
During DNA replication each old DNA strand of the parent molecule serves as a template for a new strand in a daughter molecule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 65 | |
New complementary nucleotides are positioned and joined by _____ during replication. |
| | A) | DNA polymerase |
| | B) | helicase |
| | C) | sucrase |
| | D) | RNA polymerase |
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| 66 | |
Chemotherapeutic drugs stop DNA replication because the drugs are analogs to _____. |
| | A) | one of the four nucleotides |
| | B) | DNA polymerase |
| | C) | deoxyribose |
| | D) | helicase |
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| 67 | |
Meselson and Stahl confirmed the DNA replication is semiconservative when they found only hybrid (intermediate density) DNA in bacteria after first growing them in a medium with heavy nitrogen and then switching them to a light nitrogen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 68 | |
Proofreading of the nucleotides keeps the error rate to one mistake per one billion base pairs during DNA replication. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 69 | |
Gene mutations are always harmful to the organism in which they happen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 70 | |
Replication forks are characteristic of the DNA replication of _____. |
| | A) | viruses |
| | B) | prokaryotic cells |
| | C) | eukaryotic cells |
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| 71 | |
In eukaryotic cells DNA replication begins at numerous origins of replication along the length of the chromosome. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 72 | |
The V shape wherever DNA is being replicated in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a _____. |
| | A) | chiasmata |
| | B) | replication fork |
| | C) | gene locus |
| | D) | cleavage furrow |
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| 73 | |
The _____ strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during DNA replication. |
| | A) | leading |
| | B) | lagging |
| | C) | parental |
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| 74 | |
DNA polymerase can only join a nucleotide to the free 3' end of another nucleotide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 75 | |
The 3' end of each Okazaki fragment is joined to the 5' end of the next fragment by _____. |
| | A) | DNA repair enzymes |
| | B) | RNA polymerase |
| | C) | helicase |
| | D) | DNA ligase |
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| 76 | |
Okazaki fragments are characteristic of the DNA replication of the _____ strand. |
| | A) | leading |
| | B) | lagging |
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| 77 | |
The phosphate group of a nucleotide is attached to the structure at the _____ carbon. |
| | A) | 1' |
| | B) | 3' |
| | C) | 5' |
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