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20.1 Taxonomy
  • Each known species has been given a binomial name consisting of the genus and specific epithet.
  • Species are distinguished on the basis of structure and reproductive isolation. This chapter stresses reproductive isolation.
  • Classification usually involves the assignment of species to a genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain (the largest classification category).
  1. Classification of organisms is usually based on what?
    Answer
  2. Explain the binomial system of naming organisms?
    Answer
  3. What is the biological definition of species?
    Answer
  4. What are the categories of classification used today and how do they differ between plants and animals?
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with identifying and naming organisms
  2. The binomial system
  3. What is a species?
  4. Classification categories
Art Review Art Quizzes
20.2 Phylogenetic Trees
  • Systematics encompasses both taxonomy (the naming of organisms) and classification (placing species in the proper categories).
  • The fossil record, homology, and molecular data are used to decide the evolutionary relatedness of species.
  1. What is the difference between primitive and derived characters?
    Answer
  2. What is convergent evolution?
    Answer
  3. The independent development of similar characters in related lineages is called ________________.
    Answer
  4. What is DNA hybridization and what can it be used for?
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Systematics is the study of the diversity of organisms using information from cellular to population levels.
  2. The fossil record
  3. Homology
  4. Molecular data
Art Review Art Quizzes
20.3 Systematics Today
  • There are three main schools of systematics: cladistic, phenetic, and traditional systematics.
  1. What is a clade?
    Answer
  2. Are cladograms and other phylogenetic trees considered to be hypotheses? Explain.
    Answer
Summaries of major points:
  1. Cladistic systematics
  2. Phenetic systematics
  3. Traditional systematics
Art Review Art Quizzes
20.4 Classification Systems
  • The five-kingdom system contains these kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, and Animalia.
  • The three-domain system recognizes three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The domain Eukarya contains the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
  1. What are the major characteristics that were used to place organisms into a kingdom in the 5-kingdom classification system?
    Answer
  2. What was the major discovery prompting a three-domain classification system and what is contained within each domain?
    Answer
 Essential Study Partner Summaries of major points:
  1. Naming the kingdoms
  2. Three-domain system
Art Review Art Quizzes





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