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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The branch of biology that is concerned with identifying, naming and classifying organisms is called _____.
A)taxidermy
B)ecology
C)systematics
D)taxonomy
2
Aristotle created a primitive method of classifying organisms as early as 350 BC.
A)True
B)False
3
The binomial system of naming species was developed by _____.
A)Mendel
B)Linnaeus
C)Darwin
D)Watson and Crick
4
The first word in an organism's binomial name refers to the _____.
A)family
B)species
C)genus
D)kingdom
5
Latin scientific names identify specific organisms whose common names may vary from country to country.
A)True
B)False
6
The specific epithet sometimes tells us something descriptive about the organism.
A)True
B)False
7
The second word in an organism's scientific name _____.
A)refers to one species within the genus
B)is the specific epithet
C)gives no clue as to species if used alone
D)all of the above
8
A natural system of classification reflects the evolutionary history of organisms.
A)True
B)False
9
Changes are made in classification when _____ data increases.
A)molecular
B)fossil
C)anatomical
D)all of the above
10
The field of taxonomy is static and unchanging.
A)True
B)False
11
Approximately _____ species of animals, plants and microorganisms have been named.
A)500,000
B)1.5 million
C)3 million
D)30 million
12
The genus name can be used alone to refer to a group of related species.
A)True
B)False
13
For Linnaeus, each species _____.
A)could be distinguished by its unique structural characteristics
B)was reproductively isolated
C)was distinguished by its DNA
D)had a specific geographic range
14
A three-part name is sometimes used to refer to a genus, species and subspecies.
A)True
B)False
15
The biological definition of a species _____.
A)recognizes that distinctive characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring
B)states that members of a species interbreed
C)says that members of a species share the same gene pool
D)all of the above
16
Sexually reproducing organisms are always reproductively isolated.
A)True
B)False
17
Species in the same genus share a more recent common ancestor than do species from different genera.
A)True
B)False
18
The plant kingdom uses the category _____ instead of phylum.
A)genus
B)order
C)domain
D)division
19
Organisms in the same kingdom have specific characteristics in common.
A)True
B)False
20
The most inclusive category of classification is _____.
A)species
B)kingdom
C)domain
D)class
21
Organisms in a particular classification category have _____ features in common.
A)structural
B)molecular
C)chromosomal
D)all of the above
22
The higher the classification category, the more inclusive it is.
A)True
B)False
23
Sexual dimorphism in some species may make it difficult to tell when an organism belongs to a particular species.
A)True
B)False
24
Organisms in the class Mammalia all have _____.
A)milk producing mammary glands
B)cells with a membrane-bounded nucleus
C)a dorsal hollow nerve cord
D)all of the above
25
Organisms classified in Kingdom Animalia _____.
A)are motile unicellular organisms
B)have a notochord at some time in their life cycle
C)have hair
D)lack claws, scales, horns and hoofs
26
Systematics _____.
A)studies the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization
B)determines the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
C)both A and B
27
When two species are closely related they _____.
A)share a gene pool
B)share a common ancestor
C)interbreed
D)all of the above
28
A _____ character is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group.
A)primitive
B)derived
29
A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of descent is called a _____.
A)karyotype
B)pedigree chart
C)phylogenetic tree
D)Punnett square
30
Each line of descent from a common ancestor has different derived characters.
A)True
B)False
31
Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?
A)Fossils can be dated.
B)It may not be possible to tell which group a fossil is related.
C)The fossil record is incomplete since soft parts are eaten or decay before they can be buried.
D)all of the above
32
Homologous structures are _____.
A)the result of common descent
B)have the same function in different groups but don't have a common ancestry
C)are the result of convergent evolution
D)all of the above
33
Cacti and spurges adapted to hot, dry environments on different continents through _____.
A)parallel evolution
B)convergent evolution
C)common descent
34
The relatedness of groups of organisms is more accurately determined when _____ data is examined.
A)molecular
B)fossil
C)homology
35
During DNA hybridization, the more _____ related two species are, the better the DNA strands stick together.
A)distantly
B)closely
36
The sequencing of _____ helped investigators conclude that all living things can be classified into one of three domains.
A)DNA
B)cytochrome c
C)rRNA
D)hemoglobin
37
When determining the phylogeny of closely related species, investigators study _____ because it changes so quickly.
A)rRNA
B)mitochondrial DNA
C)cytochrome c
D)nuclear DNA
38
In cladistics, phylogeny is determined by analyzing shared _____ characters.
A)primitive
B)derived
C)both A and B
39
A cladogram is considered a phylogenetic tree.
A)True
B)False
40
The structures that are present in the outgroup and also in the study group are _____.
A)primitive characters
B)shared derived characters
41
The taxa that will be placed in clades in a cladogram form the _____.
A)outgroup
B)study group
42
A cladogram is constructed so the fewest number of unexplained shared derived characters exist.
A)True
B)False
43
What is the sequence in which the following characters evolved during the evolutionary history of vertebrates?
1. lungs and three-chambered heart
2. vertebrae
3. amniotic egg and internal fertilization
A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 1, 3
C)3, 1, 2
D)none of the above
44
Which of the following is true of a cladogram?
A)It is subjective and reflects the bias of the investigator who created it.
B)It tells us the exact time at which derived characters evolved.
C)It shows the sequence in which characters evolved in the group being studied.
D)none of the above
45
Characters found in one or scattered taxa are included in a cladogram.
A)True
B)False
46
According to cladists, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and birds should not be in the same subclass.
A)True
B)False
47
Species are classified according to the number of similarities they have in _____ systematics.
A)traditional
B)cladistic
C)phenetic
48
Traditionalists stress _____ when constructing phylogenetic trees.
A)common ancestry
B)the degree of structural difference among divergent groups
C)both A and B
49
Traditionalists classify mammals and birds into _____.
A)separate classes
B)the same clade
50
Traditionalists say _____ evolved from reptiles.
A)birds
B)amphibians
C)mammals
D)both A and C
51
Cladists are very strict about making sure all taxa are monophyletic.
A)True
B)False
52
In what order would phenetic systematists construct a phenogram?
1. count the number of traits two species share
2. measure as many traits as possible
3. estimate the degree of relatedness
A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3, 1
C)3, 1, 2
D)2, 1, 3
53
An inherent problem with phenograms is that phenetic systematists ignore the possibility that some of the shared characteristics may be the result of convergent or parallel evolution.
A)True
B)False
54
The five kingdoms are distinguished on the basis of type of _____.
A)cell
B)nutrition
C)level of organization
D)all of the above
55
From Aristotle's time until the mid-twentieth century, only two kingdoms were recognized.
A)True
B)False
56
Using a traditional five kingdom system of classification, a multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic organism would be classified as a _____.
A)protist
B)fungus
C)plant
D)animal
57
Using a traditional five kingdom system of classification, a prokaryotic organism is classified as a _____.
A)fungus
B)moneran
C)animal
D)protist
58
In the 1880s, Ernst Haeckel proposed adding the _____ kingdom to the system of classification in order to separate the unicellular microscopic organisms from the multicellular largely macroscopic ones.
A)protist
B)monera
C)fungus
D)animal
59
Which of the following does not describe at least some of the organisms of kingdom Protista?
A)eukaryotic
B)unicellular
C)photosynthetic
D)prokaryotic
60
It is suggested that protists evolved from _____according to the five kingdom system of classification.
A)plants
B)fungi
C)monerans
D)animals
61
Which of the following is best described as a heterotrophic saprotroph?
A)fungi
B)plants
C)animals
62
The kingdom Protista contains a diverse group of organisms that are hard to classify and define.
A)True
B)False
63
Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia contain organisms composed of _____ cells.
A)prokaryotic
B)eukaryotic
64
Organisms that are eukaryotes that form spores, lack flagella, and have cell walls containing chitin are classified as _____.
A)plants
B)animals
C)fungi
D)protists
65
According to the five kingdom system of classification, fungi, plants and animals are believed to have evolved from protists via three separate lines of evolution.
A)True
B)False
66
Which of the following does not practice sexual reproduction?
A)monerans
B)animals
C)fungi
D)plants
67
Which of the following categories of classification is higher than the kingdom category?
A)superorder
B)division
C)domain
D)species
68
Which of the following would be classified as Archaea?
A)thermoacidophiles
B)methanogens
C)halophiles
D)all of the above
69
The archaea have branched phospholipids in their plasma membranes which may make the membrane more resistant to extreme environmental conditions.
A)True
B)False
70
Organisms in the Domain Eukarya all have cells with _____.
A)a cell wall
B)a nucleus
C)chloroplasts
D)centrioles
71
The organisms which used to be classified in Kingdom Monera are now classified as Domain _____.
A)Archaea
B)Bacteria
C)Eukarya
D)both A and B
72
The archaea and eukarya are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria.
A)True
B)False
73
The domain Eukarya contains _____ kingdoms.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
74
The ability to quickly sequence genes will do away with the need for any subjective analyses and make classification a purely objective science.
A)True
B)False
75
The sequencing of _____ suggests that all organisms evolved from a common ancestor along three distinct lineages.
A)mitochondrial DNA
B)rRNA
C)cytochrome c
76
Which of the following is a kingdom of multicellular, photosynthetic organsisms from the domain eukarya?
A)Animalia.
B)Plantae.
C)Archaea.
D)Fungi.







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