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| 1 | |
The branch of biology that is concerned with identifying, naming and classifying organisms is called _____. |
| | A) | taxidermy |
| | B) | ecology |
| | C) | systematics |
| | D) | taxonomy |
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| 2 | |
Aristotle created a primitive method of classifying organisms as early as 350 BC. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
The binomial system of naming species was developed by _____. |
| | A) | Mendel |
| | B) | Linnaeus |
| | C) | Darwin |
| | D) | Watson and Crick |
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| 4 | |
The first word in an organism's binomial name refers to the _____. |
| | A) | family |
| | B) | species |
| | C) | genus |
| | D) | kingdom |
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| 5 | |
Latin scientific names identify specific organisms whose common names may vary from country to country. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
The specific epithet sometimes tells us something descriptive about the organism. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
The second word in an organism's scientific name _____. |
| | A) | refers to one species within the genus |
| | B) | is the specific epithet |
| | C) | gives no clue as to species if used alone |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 8 | |
A natural system of classification reflects the evolutionary history of organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
Changes are made in classification when _____ data increases. |
| | A) | molecular |
| | B) | fossil |
| | C) | anatomical |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
The field of taxonomy is static and unchanging. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Approximately _____ species of animals, plants and microorganisms have been named. |
| | A) | 500,000 |
| | B) | 1.5 million |
| | C) | 3 million |
| | D) | 30 million |
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| 12 | |
The genus name can be used alone to refer to a group of related species. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
For Linnaeus, each species _____. |
| | A) | could be distinguished by its unique structural characteristics |
| | B) | was reproductively isolated |
| | C) | was distinguished by its DNA |
| | D) | had a specific geographic range |
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| 14 | |
A three-part name is sometimes used to refer to a genus, species and subspecies. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
The biological definition of a species _____. |
| | A) | recognizes that distinctive characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring |
| | B) | states that members of a species interbreed |
| | C) | says that members of a species share the same gene pool |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Sexually reproducing organisms are always reproductively isolated. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Species in the same genus share a more recent common ancestor than do species from different genera. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
The plant kingdom uses the category _____ instead of phylum. |
| | A) | genus |
| | B) | order |
| | C) | domain |
| | D) | division |
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| 19 | |
Organisms in the same kingdom have specific characteristics in common. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
The most inclusive category of classification is _____. |
| | A) | species |
| | B) | kingdom |
| | C) | domain |
| | D) | class |
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| 21 | |
Organisms in a particular classification category have _____ features in common. |
| | A) | structural |
| | B) | molecular |
| | C) | chromosomal |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
The higher the classification category, the more inclusive it is. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Sexual dimorphism in some species may make it difficult to tell when an organism belongs to a particular species. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Organisms in the class Mammalia all have _____. |
| | A) | milk producing mammary glands |
| | B) | cells with a membrane-bounded nucleus |
| | C) | a dorsal hollow nerve cord |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
Organisms classified in Kingdom Animalia _____. |
| | A) | are motile unicellular organisms |
| | B) | have a notochord at some time in their life cycle |
| | C) | have hair |
| | D) | lack claws, scales, horns and hoofs |
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| 26 | |
Systematics _____. |
| | A) | studies the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization |
| | B) | determines the evolutionary history of a group of organisms |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 27 | |
When two species are closely related they _____. |
| | A) | share a gene pool |
| | B) | share a common ancestor |
| | C) | interbreed |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 28 | |
A _____ character is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group. |
| | A) | primitive |
| | B) | derived |
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| 29 | |
A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of descent is called a _____. |
| | A) | karyotype |
| | B) | pedigree chart |
| | C) | phylogenetic tree |
| | D) | Punnett square |
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| 30 | |
Each line of descent from a common ancestor has different derived characters. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true? |
| | A) | Fossils can be dated. |
| | B) | It may not be possible to tell which group a fossil is related. |
| | C) | The fossil record is incomplete since soft parts are eaten or decay before they can be buried. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 32 | |
Homologous structures are _____. |
| | A) | the result of common descent |
| | B) | have the same function in different groups but don't have a common ancestry |
| | C) | are the result of convergent evolution |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 33 | |
Cacti and spurges adapted to hot, dry environments on different continents through _____. |
| | A) | parallel evolution |
| | B) | convergent evolution |
| | C) | common descent |
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| 34 | |
The relatedness of groups of organisms is more accurately determined when _____ data is examined. |
| | A) | molecular |
| | B) | fossil |
| | C) | homology |
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| 35 | |
During DNA hybridization, the more _____ related two species are, the better the DNA strands stick together. |
| | A) | distantly |
| | B) | closely |
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| 36 | |
The sequencing of _____ helped investigators conclude that all living things can be classified into one of three domains. |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | cytochrome c |
| | C) | rRNA |
| | D) | hemoglobin |
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| 37 | |
When determining the phylogeny of closely related species, investigators study _____ because it changes so quickly. |
| | A) | rRNA |
| | B) | mitochondrial DNA |
| | C) | cytochrome c |
| | D) | nuclear DNA |
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| 38 | |
In cladistics, phylogeny is determined by analyzing shared _____ characters. |
| | A) | primitive |
| | B) | derived |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 39 | |
A cladogram is considered a phylogenetic tree. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 40 | |
The structures that are present in the outgroup and also in the study group are _____. |
| | A) | primitive characters |
| | B) | shared derived characters |
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| 41 | |
The taxa that will be placed in clades in a cladogram form the _____. |
| | A) | outgroup |
| | B) | study group |
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| 42 | |
A cladogram is constructed so the fewest number of unexplained shared derived characters exist. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 43 | |
What is the sequence in which the following characters evolved during the evolutionary history of vertebrates?
1. lungs and three-chambered heart
2. vertebrae
3. amniotic egg and internal fertilization |
| | A) | 1, 2, 3 |
| | B) | 2, 1, 3 |
| | C) | 3, 1, 2 |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 44 | |
Which of the following is true of a cladogram? |
| | A) | It is subjective and reflects the bias of the investigator who created it. |
| | B) | It tells us the exact time at which derived characters evolved. |
| | C) | It shows the sequence in which characters evolved in the group being studied. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 45 | |
Characters found in one or scattered taxa are included in a cladogram. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 46 | |
According to cladists, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and birds should not be in the same subclass. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 47 | |
Species are classified according to the number of similarities they have in _____ systematics. |
| | A) | traditional |
| | B) | cladistic |
| | C) | phenetic |
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| 48 | |
Traditionalists stress _____ when constructing phylogenetic trees. |
| | A) | common ancestry |
| | B) | the degree of structural difference among divergent groups |
| | C) | both A and B |
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| 49 | |
Traditionalists classify mammals and birds into _____. |
| | A) | separate classes |
| | B) | the same clade |
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| 50 | |
Traditionalists say _____ evolved from reptiles. |
| | A) | birds |
| | B) | amphibians |
| | C) | mammals |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 51 | |
Cladists are very strict about making sure all taxa are monophyletic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 52 | |
In what order would phenetic systematists construct a phenogram?
1. count the number of traits two species share
2. measure as many traits as possible
3. estimate the degree of relatedness |
| | A) | 1, 2, 3 |
| | B) | 2, 3, 1 |
| | C) | 3, 1, 2 |
| | D) | 2, 1, 3 |
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| 53 | |
An inherent problem with phenograms is that phenetic systematists ignore the possibility that some of the shared characteristics may be the result of convergent or parallel evolution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 54 | |
The five kingdoms are distinguished on the basis of type of _____. |
| | A) | cell |
| | B) | nutrition |
| | C) | level of organization |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 55 | |
From Aristotle's time until the mid-twentieth century, only two kingdoms were recognized. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 56 | |
Using a traditional five kingdom system of classification, a multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic organism would be classified as a _____. |
| | A) | protist |
| | B) | fungus |
| | C) | plant |
| | D) | animal |
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| 57 | |
Using a traditional five kingdom system of classification, a prokaryotic organism is classified as a _____. |
| | A) | fungus |
| | B) | moneran |
| | C) | animal |
| | D) | protist |
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| 58 | |
In the 1880s, Ernst Haeckel proposed adding the _____ kingdom to the system of classification in order to separate the unicellular microscopic organisms from the multicellular largely macroscopic ones. |
| | A) | protist |
| | B) | monera |
| | C) | fungus |
| | D) | animal |
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| 59 | |
Which of the following does not describe at least some of the organisms of kingdom Protista? |
| | A) | eukaryotic |
| | B) | unicellular |
| | C) | photosynthetic |
| | D) | prokaryotic |
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| 60 | |
It is suggested that protists evolved from _____according to the five kingdom system of classification. |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | fungi |
| | C) | monerans |
| | D) | animals |
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| 61 | |
Which of the following is best described as a heterotrophic saprotroph? |
| | A) | fungi |
| | B) | plants |
| | C) | animals |
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| 62 | |
The kingdom Protista contains a diverse group of organisms that are hard to classify and define. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 63 | |
Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia contain organisms composed of _____ cells. |
| | A) | prokaryotic |
| | B) | eukaryotic |
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| 64 | |
Organisms that are eukaryotes that form spores, lack flagella, and have cell walls containing chitin are classified as _____. |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | animals |
| | C) | fungi |
| | D) | protists |
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| 65 | |
According to the five kingdom system of classification, fungi, plants and animals are believed to have evolved from protists via three separate lines of evolution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 66 | |
Which of the following does not practice sexual reproduction? |
| | A) | monerans |
| | B) | animals |
| | C) | fungi |
| | D) | plants |
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| 67 | |
Which of the following categories of classification is higher than the kingdom category? |
| | A) | superorder |
| | B) | division |
| | C) | domain |
| | D) | species |
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| 68 | |
Which of the following would be classified as Archaea? |
| | A) | thermoacidophiles |
| | B) | methanogens |
| | C) | halophiles |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 69 | |
The archaea have branched phospholipids in their plasma membranes which may make the membrane more resistant to extreme environmental conditions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 70 | |
Organisms in the Domain Eukarya all have cells with _____. |
| | A) | a cell wall |
| | B) | a nucleus |
| | C) | chloroplasts |
| | D) | centrioles |
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| 71 | |
The organisms which used to be classified in Kingdom Monera are now classified as Domain _____. |
| | A) | Archaea |
| | B) | Bacteria |
| | C) | Eukarya |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 72 | |
The archaea and eukarya are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 73 | |
The domain Eukarya contains _____ kingdoms. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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| 74 | |
The ability to quickly sequence genes will do away with the need for any subjective analyses and make classification a purely objective science. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 75 | |
The sequencing of _____ suggests that all organisms evolved from a common ancestor along three distinct lineages. |
| | A) | mitochondrial DNA |
| | B) | rRNA |
| | C) | cytochrome c |
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| 76 | |
Which of the following is a kingdom of multicellular, photosynthetic organsisms from the domain eukarya? |
| | A) | Animalia. |
| | B) | Plantae. |
| | C) | Archaea. |
| | D) | Fungi. |
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