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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The endocrine system coordinates body parts by using chemical signals called _____.
A)antibodies
B)hormones
C)pheromones
D)enzymes
2
Responses initiated by the endocrine system occur more quickly than those initiated by the nervous system.
A)True
B)False
3
Endocrine hormones are transported from the glands that produce them to the cells they affect by the blood.
A)True
B)False
4
Pain and inflammation promoting substances produced locally so that they affect only neighboring cells are called _____.
A)pheromones
B)neurosecretions
C)prostaglandins
D)all of the above
5
Hormones can stimulate any cell in the body.
A)True
B)False
6
There are _____ basic classes of hormones.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six
7
The different steroid hormones can be distinguished from each other by the molecular differences in their four carbon rings.
A)True
B)False
8
Steroid hormones are _____.
A)lipids
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleic acids
D)proteins
9
A second messenger is activated when a _____ hormone binds to its receptor.
A)steroid
B)peptide
10
Steroid hormones stimulate protein synthesis in their target cells.
A)True
B)False
11
Peptide hormones bind to a receptor _____.
A)in the plasma membrane
B)inside the cytoplasm
C)inside the nucleus
D)both B and C
12
Most peptide hormones cannot pass through cell membranes.
A)True
B)False
13
Which of the following is a second messenger?
A)calcium.
B)cyclic AMP.
C)ADH.
D)both A and B.
14
Endocrine glands secrete their products into _____.
A)the blood
B)ducts
C)both A and B
15
The bones are targeted by _____.
A)calcitonin
B)parathyroid hormone
C)growth hormone
D)all of the above
16
Blood glucose is decreased by _____.
A)insulin
B)cortisol
C)glucagon
D)none of the above
17
Which of the following is an incorrectly matched endocrine gland and hormone?
A)pancreas - insulin
B)bones - growth hormone
C)ovaries - estrogen
D)thymus - thymosines
18
Which of the following is a correctly matched hormone and target tissues/organ?
A)hypothalamic releasing hormones - anterior pituitary gland
B)prolactin - uterus
C)antidiuretic hormone - bladder
D)all of the above
19
Which of the following activates the DNA of its target cells?
A)estrogen
B)insulin
C)follicle stimulating hormone
D)calcitonin
20
A second messenger would be activated by _____.
A)glucagon
B)aldosterone
C)progesterone
D)testosterone
21
Prolactin binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane of mammary gland cells and activates a second messenger.
A)True
B)False
22
Prolactin has the same function in female humans and pigeons.
A)True
B)False
23
Which of the following aspects of homeostasis is influenced by the endocrine system?
A)blood glucose
B)blood pressure
C)blood calcium
D)all of the above
24
Which of the following endocrine glands in located in the brain?
A)thyroid
B)pituitary gland
C)adrenal glands
D)all of the above
25
Which of the following is a pair of antagonistic hormones?
A)calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
B)glucagon and insulin
C)both A and B
26
The effect of hormones can be controlled by _____.
A)negative feedback
B)antagonistic hormones
C)both A and B
27
The secretions of the pituitary gland are controlled by the cerebrum.
A)True
B)False
28
Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are produced by the hypothalamus.
A)True
B)False
29
ADH inhibits the reabsorption of H2O from the collecting duct of the nephron.
A)True
B)False
30
The release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland is controlled by _____.
A)negative feedback
B)positive feedback
C)antagonistic hormones
31
Positive feedback maintains stable conditions and homeostasis.
A)True
B)False
32
Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones affects another endocrine gland?
A)thyroid stimulating hormone
B)luteinizing hormone
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone
D)all of the above
33
The inability to produce antidiuretic hormone causes diabetes insipidus.
A)True
B)False
34
FSH and LH are gonadotrophic hormones.
A)True
B)False
35
Growth hormone promotes _____.
A)cell division
B)protein synthesis
C)bone growth
D)all of the above
36
The secretion of __________ is under the control of the anterior pituitary hormone ACTH.
A)cortisol
B)aldosterone
C)both A and B
37
The concentration of melanocyte-stimulating hormone is very low in humans.
A)True
B)False
38
Hormones from the hypothalamus _____.
A)stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones
B)inhibit the release of anterior pituitary hormones
C)both A and B
39
Oxytocin causes the mammary glands in the breasts to develop and produce milk.
A)True
B)False
40
When thyroxine from the thyroid gland increases _____.
A)thyroid releasing hormone increases
B)thyroid stimulation hormone decreases
C)both A and B
41
The production of too little growth hormone during childhood results in _____.
A)giantism
B)pituitary dwarfism
C)acromegaly
42
Overproduction of growth hormone in an adult results in _____.
A)giantism
B)pituitary dwarfism
C)acromegaly
43
Growth hormone is produced in greatest quantities during childhood and adolescence.
A)True
B)False
44
Levels of TSH are _____ when an individual has hypothyroidism.
A)high
B)low
45
The _____ is located in the throat.
A)parathyroid gland
B)trachea
C)thyroid gland
D)all of the above
46
Goiters are the result of _____.
A)continued anterior pituitary stimulate of the thyroid gland
B)the absence of negative feedback on TRH and TSH
C)both A and B
47
A symptom of hypothyroidism is _____.
A)lowered body temperature
B)exophthalamic goiter
C)hyperactivity
D)all of the above
48
A diet deficient in _____ results in a simple goiter.
A)iron
B)vitamin D
C)potassium
D)iodine
49
When blood calcium falls below an acceptable level, _____ will be released.
A)insulin
B)aldosterone
C)parathyroid hormone
D)antidiuretic hormone
50
Which of the following is stimulated by parathyroid hormone?
A)increased activity of the osteoclasts.
B)increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
C)increased absorption of calcium from the intestine
D)all of the above
51
A dramatic decrease in blood calcium results in tetany.
A)True
B)False
52
Epinephrine is secreted under conditions of stress.
A)True
B)False
53
Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex can result in _____.
A)diabetes mellitus
B)Addison disease
C)acromegaly
D)goiter
54
In type II diabetes mellitus _____.
A)the pancreas does not produce insulin
B)liver and muscle cells do not respond to insulin
C)both A and B
55
In females, the adrenal glands produce male and female sex hormones.
A)True
B)False
56
The _____ sit atop the kidneys.
A)adrenal glands
B)parathyroids
C)gonads
57
Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are produced by the _____.
A)adrenal cortex
B)adrenal medulla
58
Blood pressure is regulated by the _____ produced by the adrenal cortex.
A)epinephrine
B)aldosterone
C)cortisol
D)antidiuretic hormone
59
Hormones produce by the _____ provide a rapid, but short-lived emergency response.
A)adrenal medulla
B)adrenal cortex
60
When blood pressure is high, _____ will be produced.
A)renin
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)aldosterone
D)atrial natriuretic hormone
61
Aldosterone is antagonized by _____.
A)atrial natriuretic hormone
B)cortisol
C)epinephrine
D)antidiuretic hormone
62
The pain and swelling associated with the inflammatory reaction can be relieved by _____.
A)aldosterone
B)cortisol
C)epinephrine
D)renin
63
Excess cortisol results in a tendency toward diabetes mellitus and hypertension with _____ of adrenal cortex hormones.
A)hypersecretion
B)hyposecretion
64
The pancreatic islets produce and secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon.
A)True
B)False
65
Insulin is secreted when blood glucose is _____.
A)low
B)high
66
Which of the following is a target tissue/organ of insulin?
A)liver.
B)muscle
C)adipose
D)all of the above
67
Between meals when glucose is low, _____ is released.
A)glucagon
B)parathyroid hormone
C)insulin
D)prolactin
68
Hypoglycemia _____.
A)can be caused by an overdose of insulin
B)can be treated with a sugar cube or fruit juice
C)is associated with perspiration, pale skin and shallow breathing
D)all of the above
69
Type I diabetes mellitus can be treated by _____.
A)diet and exercise
B)injections of insulin
C)both A and B
70
Diabetes mellitus can cause ______.
A)kidney disease
B)circulatory disorders
C)blindness
D)all of the above
71
The male gonads are _____.
A)located in the pelvic cavity
B)produce estrogens and progesterone
C)the testes
D)all of the above
72
Male secondary sex characteristics are associated with the production of _____.
A)testosterone
B)follicle stimulating hormone
C)estrogen
D)oxytocin
73
There is little/no risk associated with the use of supplemental anabolic steroids.
A)True
B)False
74
The thymus is most active during _____.
A)childhood
B)adulthood
C)both A and B
75
The thymus gland stimulates maturation of _____.
A)monocytes
B)T lymphocytes
C)osteocytes
D)follicles
76
In mammals, norepinephrine is ______.
A)a neurotransmitter used in the sympathetic nervous system
B)a hormone released by adrenal medulla.
C)both A and B
77
Children with a brain tumor that destroys the pineal gland experience early puberty.
A)True
B)False





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