pericarditis [P1R-7-kår-DI-t7s] {pericarditis} | Inflammation of the pericardium.
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pericardium [p6r-7-K0R-de-9m] {pericardio} | Protective covering of the heart.
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perilymph [P1R-7-l7mf] | Liquid secreted by the walls of the osseus labyrinth.
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perimenopause [p6r-7-M1N-o-påws] | Three- to five-year period of decreasing estrogen levels prior to menopause.
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perimetrium [p6r-7-ME-tre-9m] {perimetrio} | Outer layer of the uterus.
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perineum [P1R-7-NE-9m] {perineo} | Space between the labia majora and the anus; area between the penis and the anus.
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periodontist [P1R-e-o-D3N-t7st] | Dentist who specializes in the treatment of gum disease.
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periosteum [p6r-e-3S-te-9m] {periostio} | Fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone.
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peripheral vascular disease | Vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to blockages in the arteries of the groin or legs.
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peristalsis [p6r-7-ST0L-s7s] {peristaltismo} | Coordinated, rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle that force food through the digestive tract.
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peritoneal [P1R-7-to-NE-ål] dialysis | Type of dialysis in which liquid that extracts substances from blood is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and emptied outside the body.
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peritoneoscopy [P1R-7-to-ne-3S-ko-pe] {peritoneoscopia} | Examination of the abdominal cavity using a peritoneoscope.
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peritonitis [P1R-7-to-NI-t7s] {peritonitis} | Inflammation of the peritoneum.
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permanent teeth | Second set of teeth that erupt at regular intervals starting at around age six.
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pertussis [p6r-T4S-7s] {pertussis} | Severe infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bacteria; whooping cough.
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PET (positron emission tomography) scan [P3Z-7-tr8n e-M2-sh9n to-M3G-rå-fe] {TEP} | Imaging of the brain using radioactive isotopes and tomography; a series of images that shows the distribution of substances through tissue.
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petechia (pl., petechiae) [p6-TE-ke-å, p6-T1K-e-å (p6-TE-kee,e,p6-T1K-e-e)] {petequia} | A tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin; minute hemorrhages in the skin.
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petit mal [P1-te måhl] seizure | See absence seizure.
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Peyronie's [på-RON-ez] disease | Abnormal curvature of the penis caused by hardening in the interior of the penis.
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pH | Measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution such
as urine.
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phacoemulsification [FA-ko-e-m9ls-7-f7-KA-sh9n] | Use of ultrasound to break up and remove cataracts.
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phagocytosis [F0G-o-si-TO-s7s] {fagocitosis} | Ingestion of foreign substances by specialized cells.
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phalanges (sing., phalanx) [få-L0N-jez (F0-långks)] {falange} | Long bones of the fingers and toes.
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phantom limb, phantom pain | Pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb.
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pharmacist [F0R-må-s7st] | Person licensed to dispense medications.
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pharmacodynamics [F0R-må-ko-di-N0M-7ks] | Study of how drugs affect the body.
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pharmacokinetics [F0R-må-ko-k7-N1T-7ks] | Study of how the body absorbs, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.
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pharmacology [får-må-K3L-o-je] {farmacología} | Science that studies, develops, and tests new drugs.
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pharyngeal tonsils [få-R2N-je-ål T3N-s7lz] | Adenoids.
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pharyngitis [får-7n-JI-t7s] {faringitis} | Inflammation of the pharynx.
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pharynx [F0R-7ngks] {faringe} | Passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat; tube through which food passes to the esophagus.
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phenylketones [FEN-7l-KE-tons] | Substances that, if accumulated in the urine of infants, indicate phenylketonuria (PKU), a disease treated by diet.
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phimosis [f7-MO-s7s] {fimosis} | Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the foreskin.
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phlebitis [fl6-BI-t7s] {flebitis} | Inflammation of a vein.
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phlebography [fl6-B3G-rå-fe] {flebografía} | Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
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phlebotomy [fl6-B3T-o-me] {flebotomía} | Drawing blood from a vein via a small incision; See venipuncture.
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phobia [FO-be-å] | Irrational or obsessive fear of something.
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phosphorus [F3S-for-9s] {fósforo} | Mineral important to the formation of bone.
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photophobia [fo-to-FO-be-å] {fotofobia} | Extreme sensitivity to light.
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physical therapy | Movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body.
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pia mater [PI-å, PE-å MA-t6r, M0H-t6r)] {piamadre} | Innermost layer of meninges.
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pica [P2-kå] | Eating disorder in which the patient compulsively eats nonnutritive substances, such as clay and paint.
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pilonidal [pi-lo-NI-dål] cyst | Cyst containing hair, usually found at the lower end of the spinal column.
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pineal [P2N-e-ål] gland | Gland located above pituitary gland; secretes melatonin.
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pinkeye | Conjunctivitis.
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pinna [P2N-å] | Auricle.
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pituitary [p7-TU-7-tår-e] gland | Major endocrine gland; secretes hormones essential to metabolic functions.
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placenta [plå-S1N-tå] {placenta} | Nutrient-rich organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy; supplies nutrients to the fetus.
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placenta previa [plå-S1N-tå PRE-ve-å] | Placement of the placenta so it blocks the birth canal.
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plantar [PL0N-tår] wart | Wart on the sole of the foot.
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plaque [plåk] {placa} | Microorganisms that grow on the crowns along the roots of teeth causing decay of teeth and breakdown of gums; see patch; buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery.
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plasma [PL0Z-må] | Liquid portion of unclotted blood.
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plasma [PL0Z-må] {plasma} cell | Specialized lymphocyte that produces immunoglobulins.
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plasmapheresis [PL0Z-må-fo-RE-s7s] {plasmaféresis} | plasmaféresis} Process of removing blood from a person, centrifuging it, and returning only red blood cells to that person.
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plastic surgery | Repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by
means of surgery.
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platelet [PLAT-l6t] {plaqueta} | Thrombocyte; part of a megakaryocyte that initiates clotting.
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platelet count (PLT) | Measurement of number of platelets in a blood sample.
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play therapy | Revealing of feelings through play with a trained
therapist.
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pleomorphic [ple-o-MOR-f7k] | Having many types of cells.
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pleura (pl., pleurae) [PLUR-å (PLUR-e)] {pleura} | Double layer of membrane making up the outside of the lungs.
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pleural cavity [PLUR-ål K0V-7-te] | Space between the two
pleura.
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pleural effusion [PLUR-ål 6-FYU-zh9n] | Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity.
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pleuritis, pleurisy [plu-RI-t7s, PLUR-7-se] {pleuritis} | Inflammation of the pleura.
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pleurocentesis [PLUR-o-s6n-TE-s7s] | Surgical puncture of pleural space.
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pleuropexy [PLUR-o-P1K-se] | Fixing in place of the pleura surgically, usually in case of injury or deterioration.
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pneumobronchotomy [NU-mo-br8ng-K3T-o-me] | Incision of the lung and bronchus.
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pneumoconiosis [NU-mo-ko-ne-O-s7s] {neumoconiosis} | Lung condition caused by inhaling dust.
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pneumonectomy [NU-mo-N1K-to-me] {neumonectomía} | Removal of a lung.
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pneumonia [nu-MO-ne-å] {neumonía} | Acute infection of the alveoli.
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pneumonitis [nu-mo-NI-t7s] {neumonitis} | Inflammation of the lung.
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pneumothorax [nu-mo-THOR-åks] {neumotórax} | Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.
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podagra [po-DAG-rå] {podagra} | Pain in the big toe, often associated with gout.
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podiatrist [po-DI-å-tr7st] {podiatra} | Medical specialist who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the foot.
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poikilocytosis [P3Y-k7-lo-si-TO-s7s] {poiquilocitosis} | Disorder with irregularly shaped red blood cells.
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|
polarization [po-lår-i-ZA-sh9n] {polarización} | Resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart.
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polycystic [p8l-e-S2S-t7k] kidney disease | Condition with many cysts on and within the kidneys.
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polycythemia [P3L-e-si-THE-me-å] {policetemia} | Disorder with an abnormal increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin.
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polydipsia [p8l-e-D2P-se-å] {polydipsa} | Excessive thirst.
|
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polyp [P3L-7p] {pólipo} | Bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface.
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polypectomy [p8l-7-P1K-to-me] {polipectomía} | Removal of polyps.
|
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polypoid [P3L-7-p8yd] | Containing polyps.
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polyposis [P3L-7-PO-s7s] {poliposis} | Condition with polyps, as in the intestines.
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polysomnography (PSG) [P3L-e-s8m-N3G-rå-fe] | Recording of electrical and movement patterns during sleep.
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|
polyuria [p8l-e-YU-re-å] {poliuria} | Excessive urination; excessive amount of water in the urine.
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pons [p8nz] {pons} | Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions.
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popliteal [p8p-L2T-e-ål] artery | An artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee.
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pore {poro} | Opening or hole, particularly in the skin.
|
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positron emission tomography [to-M3G-rå-fe] (PET) scan | Type of nuclear image that measures movement of areas of
the heart.
|
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|
posterior | At or toward the back side (of the body).
|
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postprandial [post-PR0N-de-ål] blood sugar | Test for glucose in blood, usually about two hours after a meal.
|
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post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Condition of extreme traumatic stress that may occur and last for years after a traumatic time or incident.
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PPD | Purified protein derivative of tuberculin.
|
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preeclampsia [pre-6-KL0MP-se-å] | Toxic infection during pregnancy.
|
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premature [PRE-må-chur] | Born before 37 weeks gestation.
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premature atrial contractions (PACs) | Atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations.
|
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premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | Ventricular contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations.
|
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premolar [pre-MO-lår] | Molar in primary teeth.
|
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presbyacusis [pr6z-be-å-KU-s7s] {presbiacusia} | Age-related hearing loss.
|
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|
presbyopia [pr6z-be-O-pe-å] {presbiopía} | Age-related diminished ability to focus or accommodate.
|
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|
prescription [pre-SKR2P-sh9n] {prescripción} | Order given by a doctor for medication dosage, route, and timing of administration.
|
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pressure sore | See decubitus ulcer.
|
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preventative [pre-V1N-tå-t7ve] | Designed to stop or prevent disease.
|
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|
preventive medicine | Medical specialty concerned with preventing disease.
|
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priapism [PRI-å-p7zm] {priapismo} | Persistent, painful erection of the penis.
|
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primary teeth | First set of teeth that erupt at regular intervals between six months and age four.
|
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probe | Sharp device for exploring body cavities or clearing
blockages.
|
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|
process [PR3-s6s, PR3S-6s] | Bony outgrowth or projection.
|
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|
proctitis [pr8k-TI-t7s] {proctitis} | Inflammation of the rectum and anus.
|
|
|
|
proctoplasty [PR3K-to-plås-te] | Repair of the rectum and anus.
|
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|
|
proctoscopy [pr8k-T3S-ko-pe] {proctoscopia} | Examination of the rectum and anus using a proctoscope.
|
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|
progesterone [pro-J1S-t6r-8n] {progesterona} | One of the primary female hormones.
|
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|
prone | Lying on the stomach with the face down.
|
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|
proprietary [pr8-PRI-6-tår-e] name | See trade name.
|
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prostate [PR3S-tat] {próstata} gland | Gland surrounding the urethra that emits a fluid to help the sperm move and contracts its muscular tissue during ejaculation to help the sperm exit the body.
|
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|
prostatectomy [pr8s-tå-T1K-to-me] {prostatectomía} | Removal of the prostate.
|
|
|
|
prostate-specific antigen [0N-t7-j6n] (PSA) test | Blood test for prostate cancer.
|
|
|
|
prostatitis [pr8s-tå-TI-t7s] {prostatitis} | Inflammation of the prostate.
|
|
|
|
prosthetic [pr8s-TH1T-7k] device | Artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part.
|
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|
|
proteinuria [pro-te-NU-re-å] | Abnormal presence of protein in the urine.
|
|
|
|
prothrombin [pro-THR3M-b7n] {protrombina} | Type of plasma protein that aids in clotting.
|
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|
|
prothrombin time (PT) | Test for ability of blood to coagulate.
|
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|
protocol [PRO-to-kol] | Course of treatment.
|
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|
proximal [PR3K-s7-mål] | At or near the point of attachment to the trunk.
|
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|
pruritus [pru-RI-t7s] {prurito} | Itching.
|
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|
pseudophakia [su-do-FA-ke-å] {seudofaquia} | Eye with an implanted lens after cataract surgery.
|
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|
|
psoriasis [so-RI-å-s7s] {psoriasis} | Chronic skin condition accompanied by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus.
|
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|
|
psychiatry [si-KI-å-tre] | Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
|
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|
psychoanalysis [si-ko-å-N0L-7-s7s] | Therapy that attempts to have patients bring unconscious emotions to the surface to deal with them.
|
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|
|
psychology [si-K3L-o-je] | Profession that studies human behavior and treats mental disorders.
|
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|
psychopharmacology [si-ko-F0R-må-K3L-o-j6] | Science that deals with medications that affect the emotions.
|
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|
|
psychosis [si-KO-s7s] | Extreme disordered thinking.
|
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|
|
psychotherapy [si-ko-TH0R-å-pe] | Treatment of mental disorders with verbal and nonverbal communication.
|
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|
puberty [PYU-b6r-te] {pubertad} | Pre-teen or early teen period when secondary sex characteristics develop and menstruation begins.
|
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|
pubes [PYU-b7s] {pubis} | Anteroinferior portion of the hip bone.
|
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|
pubic symphysis [PYU-b7k S2M-få-s7s] | Joint between the two pubic bones.
|
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|
pulmonary abscess [P4L-mo-når-e 0B-s7s] | Large collection of pus in the lungs.
|
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|
|
pulmonary [PUL-mo-når-e] artery {arteria pulmunar} | One of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs.
|
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|
|
pulmonary artery stenosis | Narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate.
|
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|
|
pulmonary edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
|
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|
|
pulmonary edema [P4L-mo-når-e 6-DE-må] | Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs.
|
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|
pulmonary function tests | Tests that measure the mechanics of breathing.
|
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pulmonary valve | Valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries.
|
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|
pulmonary vein | One of four veins that bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
|
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|
pulp [p9lp] | Connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves that
fill the pulp cavity.
|
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|
pulp cavity | Center portion of a tooth.
|
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|
pulse [p9ls] {pulso} | Rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually an artery.
|
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|
pupil [PYU-p7l] {pupila} | Black circular center of the eye; opens and closes when muscles in the iris expand and contract in response to light.
|
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|
|
purpura [P4R-pu-rå] {púrpura} | Skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area.
|
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|
|
pustule [P4S-tul] {pústula} | Small elevation on the skin containing pus.
|
|
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|
pyelitis [pi-6-LI-t7s] {pielitis} | Inflammation of the renal pelvis.
|
|
|
|
pyeloplasty [PI-6-lo-PL0S-te] | Surgical repair of the renal pelvis.
|
|
|
|
pyelotomy [pi-6-L3T-o-me] | Incision into the renal pelvis.
|
|
|
|
pylorus [pi-LOR-9s] {píloro} | Narrowed bottom part of the stomach.
|
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|
|
pyoderma [pi-o-D1R-må] {pioderma} | Any inflammation of the skin that produces pus.
|
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|
|
pyrogenic [pi-ro-J1N-7k] meningitis | Meningitis caused by bacteria; can be fatal; bacterial meningitis.
|
|
|
|
pyuria [pi-YU-re-å] {piuria} | Pus in the urine.
|
|
|
|
rad [råd] (radiation absorbed dose) | Unit of radioactive substance that can be absorbed in a particular period of time.
|
|
|
|
radiation [RA-de-A-sh9n] | Bombarding of tumors with rays that damage the DNA of cells.
|
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|
|
radiation [RA-de-A-sh9n] | Energy carried by a stream of particles from a substance.
|
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|
|
radiation therapy | Treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells.
|
|
|
|
radiculitis [rå-d7k-yu-LI-t7s] {radiculitis} | Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots.
|
|
|
|
radioactive immunoassay (RIA) | Test for measuring hormone levels in plasma; taken after radioactive solution is ingested
|
|
|
|
radioactive iodine therapy | Use of radioactive iodine to eliminate thyroid tumors.
|
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|
|
radioactive iodine uptake | Test for how quickly the thyroid gland pulls in ingested iodine.
|
|
|
|
radiography [R0-de-3G-rå-fe] | Production of diagnostic images.
|
|
|
|
radioimmunoassay (RIA) [RA-de-o-2M-u-no-0S-sa] | In vitro test to determine the amount of drugs or medication left in the body.
|
|
|
|
radiology [RA-de-3L-o-je] | Medical specialty in diagnostic imaging and radiation treatment.
|
|
|
|
radiolucent [RA-de-o-LU-s6nt] | Able to be easily penetrated by x-rays.
|
|
|
|
radionuclide [RA-de-o-NU-klid] | Radioactive substance.
|
|
|
|
radiopaque [RA-de-o-PAK] | Not able to be easily penetrated by x-rays.
|
|
|
|
radiopharmaceutical [RA-de-o-får-må-SU-t7-kål] | Chemical substance containing radioactive material.
|
|
|
|
radioresistant [RA-de-o-re-Z2S-tånt] | Not greatly affected by radiation.
|
|
|
|
radiosensitive [RA-de-o-S1N-s7-t7v] | Easily affected by radiation.
|
|
|
|
radius [RA-de-9s] | Shorter bone of the forearm.
|
|
|
|
rales [rahlz] {rales} | See crackles.
|
|
|
|
Raynaud's phenomenon [ra-NOZ] | Spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain.
|
|
|
|
reabsorption [re-åb-S3RB-shun] | Process of returning essential elements to the bloodstream after filtration.
|
|
|
|
receptor [re-S1P-tor] {receptor} | Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses; part of a target cell with properties compatible with a particular substance (hormone).
|
|
|
|
reconstructive [r6-c8n-STR4C-t7v] | Designed to restore a body part to its original state or appearance.
|
|
|
|
rectum [R1K-t9m] {recto} | Bottom portion of large intestine; connected to anal canal.
|
|
|
|
red blood cell | One of the solid parts of blood formed from stem cells and having hemoglobin within; erythrocyte.
|
|
|
|
red blood cell count | Measurement of red blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood.
|
|
|
|
red blood cell morphology | Observation of shape of red blood cells.
|
|
|
|
reduction {reducción} | Return of a part to its normal position.
|
|
|
|
reflex [RE-fl6ks] {reflejo} | Involuntary muscular contraction in response to a stimulus.
|
|
|
|
reflux [RE-fl9ks] {reflujo} | See regurgitation.
|
|
|
|
refraction [re-FR0K-sh9n] {refracción} | Process of bending light rays.
|
|
|
|
regurgitation [re-G4R-j7-TA-sh9n] {regurgitación} | Backward flow from the normal direction.
|
|
|
|
reiki [RE-ki] | Therapy that uses touch from a healer.
|
|
|
|
relapse [RE-låps] | Recurrence of a disease.
|
|
|
|
releasing factor | Substance in a hormone that allows secretion of other hormones.
|
|
|
|
remission [r6-M2SH-9n] | Disappearance of a disease for a time.
|
|
|
|
renal pelvis | Collecting area for urine in the center of the kidney.
|
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|
renin [R1-n7n] {renina} | Enzyme produced in the kidneys to regulate the filtration rate of blood by increasing blood pressure as necessary.
|
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|
renogram [RE-no-gråm] {renograma} | Radioactive imaging of kidney function after introduction of a substance that is filtered through the kidney while it is observed.
|
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|
repolarization [re-po-lår-i-ZA-sh9n] {repolarización} | Recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart.
|
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reproductive [RE-pro-D4K-t7v] system | Either the male or female body system that controls reproduction.
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resectioning [re-S1K-sh9n-7ng] | Removal of a tumor and a large amount of surrounding tissue.
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resectoscope [re-S1K-to-skop] {resectoscopio} | Type of endoscope for removal of lesions.
|
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respiratory [R1S-p7-ra-tor-e, r6-SPIR-å-tor-e] system | Body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing; body's system for breathing.
|
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respiratory [R1S-p7-rå-tor-e, r6-SPIR-å-tor-e] tract | Passageways through which air moves into and out of the lungs.
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reticular [r6-T2K-u-lår] layer | Bottom sublayer of the dermis containing reticula (network of structures with connective tissue between).
|
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reticulocytosis [r6-T2K-yu-lo-si-TO-s7s] {reticulocitosis} | Disorder with an abnormal number of immature erythrocytes.
|
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|
retina [R1T-7-nå] {retina} | Oval, light-sensitive membrane in the interior layer of the eye; decodes light waves and transmits information to the brain.
|
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retinitis [r6t-7-NI-t7s] {retinitis} | Inflammation of the retina.
|
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|
retinitis pigmentosa [p7g-m6n-TO-så] | Progressive, inherited disease with a pigmented spot on the retina and poor night vision.
|
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retractor [re-TR0K-tor] | An instrument used to hold back edges of tissue and organs to expose other tissues or body parts; especially used in surgery.
|
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retroflexion [r6-tro-FL1K-sh9n] {retroflexión} | Bending backward of the uterus.
|
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retrograde pyelogram [R1T-ro-grad PI-6l-o-gråm] (RP) | X-ray of the bladder and ureters after a contrast medium is
injected into the bladder.
|
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retroperitoneal [R1-tro-P1R-7-to-ne-ål] {retroperitoneal} | Posterior to the peritoneum.
|
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retroversion [re-tro-V1R-sh9n] {retroversión} | Backward turn of the uterus.
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retrovirus [re-tro-VI-r9s] {retrovirus} | Type of virus that spreads by using DNA in the body to help it replicate its RNA.
|
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|
Rh factor | Type of antigen in blood that can cause a transfusion
reaction.
|
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|
rhabdomyoma [R0B-do-mi-O-må] {rabdomioma} | Benign tumor in striated muscle.
|
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|
rhabdomyosarcoma [R0B-do-mi-o-sår-KO-må] {rabdomiosarcoma} | Malignant tumor in striated muscle.
|
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|
rheumatic heart disease | Heart valve and/or muscle damage caused by an untreated streptococcal infection.
|
|
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|
rheumatoid [RU-må-t8yd] arthritis | Autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue.
|
|
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|
rheumatoid factor test | Test used to detect rheumatoid arthritis.
|
|
|
|
rheumatologist [ru-må-T3L-o-j7st] {reumatólogo} | Physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system.
|
|
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|
rhinitis [ri-NI-t7s] {rinitis} | Nasal inflammation.
|
|
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rhinoplasty [RI-no-plås-te] {rinoplastia} | Surgical repair of the nose.
|
|
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|
rhinorrhea [ri-no-RE-å] {rinorrea} | Nasal discharge.
|
|
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Rh-negative | Lacking Rh factor on surface of blood cells.
|
|
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|
rhonchi [R3NG-ki] {ronquidos} | See wheezes.
|
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Rh-positive | Having Rh factor on surface of blood cells.
|
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|
rib {costilla} | One of twenty-four bones that form the chest wall.
|
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rickets [R2K-6ts] {raquitismo} | Disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency.
|
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right atrium | Upper right chamber of the heart.
|
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right lower quadrant | Quadrant on the lower right anterior side of the patient's body.
|
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right upper quadrant | Quadrant on the upper right anterior side of the patient's body.
|
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right ventricle | Lower right chamber of the heart.
|
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rigidity {rigidez} | Stiffness.
|
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rigor [R2G-or] {rigor} | Stiffening.
|
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ringworm {tiña} | Fungal infection; tinea.
|
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|
risk factor | Any of various factors considered to increase the
probability that a disease will occur; for example, high
blood pressure and smoking are considered risk factors for
heart disease.
|
|
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|
rods [r8dz] {bastoncillos} | Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive black to white shades.
|
|
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|
roentgenology [R1NT-g6n-3L-o-je] | Radiology.
|
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root [rut] | Portion of the tooth that lies below the jawline.
|
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|
root canal | Tubular structure holding blood vessels and nerves between the pulp cavity and the jawline.
|
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rosacea [ro-ZA-she-å] {rosácea} | Vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks.
|
|
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|
roseola [ro-ZE-o-lå] | Skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus.
|
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|
rub {roce} | Frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually
indicating a pericardial murmur.
|
|
|
|
rubella [ru-B1L-å] {rubéola} | Disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles.
|
|
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|
rubeola [ru-BE-o-lå] {rubéola} | Disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles.
|
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|
rugae [RU-ge] {rugae} | Folds in stomach lining.
|
|
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|
sacrum [SA-kr9m] {sacro} | Next-to-last spinal vertebra made up of five fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis.
|
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|
sagittal [S0J-7-tål] plane | Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left portions.
|
|
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|
saliva [så-LI-vå] {saliva} | Fluid secreted by salivary glands; contains amylase.
|
|
|
|
salivary [S0L-7-vår-e] glands | Glands in the mouth that secrete fluids that aid in breaking down food.
|
|
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|
salpingectomy [sål-p7n-J1K-to-me] {salpingectomía} | Removal of a fallopian tube.
|
|
|
|
salpingitis [sål-p7n-JI-t7s] {salpingitis} | Inflammation of the fallopian tubes.
|
|
|
|
salpingotomy [sål-p7ng-G3T-o-me] | Incision into the fallopian tubes.
|
|
|
|
saphenous [så-FE-n9s] vein | Any of a group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs.
|
|
|
|
sarcoidosis [sår-k8y-DO-s7s] {sarcoidosis} | Inflammatory condition with lesions on the lymph nodes and other organs.
|
|
|
|
sarcoma [sår-KO-må] | Relatively rare tumor that originates in muscle, connective tissue, and lymph.
|
|
|
|
scabies [SKA-bez] {sarna} | Skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin.
|
|
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|
scale {escala, costra} | Small plate of hard skin that falls off.
|
|
|
|
scalpel [SK0L-pl] | Knife used in surgery or dissection.
|
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|
scan | Image obtained from the interior of the body.
|
|
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scapula [SK0P-yu-lå] {escápula} | Large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade.
|
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|
Schick [sh7k] test | Test for diphtheria.
|
|
|
|
schizophrenia [sk7z-o-FRE-ne-å] | Condition with recurring psychosis, often with hallucinations.
|
|
|
|
sciatica [si-0T-7-kå] {ciática} | 1. Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition. 2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
|
|
|
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scirrhous [SK2R-9s] | Hard, densely packed.
|
|
|
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sclera (pl., sclerae) [SKLER-å (SKLER-e)] {esclerótica} | Thick, tough membrane in the outer eye layer; supports
eyeball structure.
|
|
|
|
scleritis [skl6-RI-t7s] {escleritis} | Inflammation of the sclera.
|
|
|
|
scleroderma [skl6r-o-D1R-må] {esclerodermia} | Thickening of the skin caused by an increase in collagen formation.
|
|
|
|
scoliosis [sko-le-O-s7s] {escolisis} | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column.
|
|
|
|
scotoma [sko-TO-må] {escotoma} | Blind spot in vision.
|
|
|
|
scratch test | Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin.
|
|
|
|
scrotum [SKRO-t9m] {escroto} | Sac outside the body containing the testicles.
|
|
|
|
sebaceous [s6-BA-sh9s] cyst | Cyst containing yellow sebum.
|
|
|
|
sebaceous [s6-BA-sh9s] glands | Glands in the dermis that open to hair follicles and secrete sebum.
|
|
|
|
seborrhea [s6b-o-RE-å] {seborrea} | Overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands.
|
|
|
|
sebum [SE-b9m] {sebo} | Oily substance, usually secreted into the hair follicle.
|
|
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|
second bicuspid | Fifth tooth from the median of the jawline.
|
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second molar | Second to last tooth at the back of the mouth.
|
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|
secondary hypertension | Hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease.
|
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|
|
secondary teeth | Permanent teeth.
|
|
|
|
second-degree burn | Moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering.
|
|
|
|
sedative [S1D-å-t7v] | Agent that relieves feelings of agitation.
|
|
|
|
sedimentation rate (SR) | See erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
|
|
|
|
sella turcica [S1L-å T4R-s7-kå] {silla turcica} | Bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
|
|
|
|
semen [SE-m6n] {semen} | Thick, whitish fluid containing spermatozoa and secretions from the seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands, and prostate; ejaculated from the penis.
|
|
|
|
semen analysis | Observation of semen for viability of sperm.
|
|
|
|
semicircular canals | Structures in the inner ear important to equilibrium.
|
|
|
|
semilunar [s6m-e-LU-når] valve | One of the two valves that prevent the backflow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
|
|
|
|
seminoma [s6m-7-NO-må] | Malignant tumor of the testicle.
|
|
|
|
sensory receptors | Specialized tissue containing cells that can
receive stimuli.
|
|
|
|
sensory [S1N-so-re] system | Body system that includes the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems involved in the reactions of the five senses; organs or tissue that perceive and receive stimuli from outside or within the body.
|
|
|
|
septal defect | Congenital abnormality consisting of an opening
in the septum between the atria or ventricles.
|
|
|
|
septoplasty [S1P-to-plås-te] {septoplastia} | Surgical repair of the nasal septum.
|
|
|
|
septostomy [s6p-T3S-to-me] {septostomía} | Creation of an opening in the nasal septum.
|
|
|
|
septum (pl., septa) [S1P-t9m (S1P-tå)] {tabique} | 1. Partition between the left and right chambers of the heart.
2. Cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum.
|
|
|
|
sequestrum [s6-KW1S-tr9m] {secuestro} | Piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area.
|
|
|
|
serum [SER-9m] {suero} | The liquid left after blood has clotted. serum calcium Test for calcium in the blood.
|
|
|
|
serum creatine phosphokinase [KRE-å-ten f8s-fo-KI-nås] | Enzyme active in muscle contraction; usually phosphokinase
is elevated after a myocardial infarction and in the presence
of other degenerative muscle diseases.
|
|
|
|
serum enzyme tests | Laboratory tests performed to detect enzymes present during or after a myocardial infarction; cardiac enzyme studies.
|
|
|
|
serum phosphorus [F3S-for-9s] | Test for phosphorus in the blood.
|
|
|
|
sesamoid [S1S-å-m8yd] bone | Bone formed in a tendon over a joint.
|
|
|
|
sessile [S1S-il] polyp | Polyp that projects upward from a broad base.
|
|
|
|
shin [sh7n] {espinilla} | Anterior ridge of the tibia.
|
|
|
|
shingles [SH2N-glz] {culebrilla} | Viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster.
|
|
|
|
short bones | Square-shaped bones with approximately equal
dimensions on all sides.
|
|
|
|
sialoadenitis [SI-å-lo-åd-6-NI-t7s] | Inflammation of the salivary glands.
|
|
|
|
sight {vista} | Ability to see.
|
|
|
|
sigmoid [S2G-m8yd] colon | S-shaped part of large intestine connecting at the bottom to the rectum.
|
|
|
|
sigmoidoscopy [S2G-m8y-D3S-ko-pe] {sigmoidoscopia} | Examination of the sigmoid colon using a sigmoidoscope.
|
|
|
|
silicosis [s7l-7-KO-s7s] | Lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass or other materials used in manufacturing.
|
|
|
|
simple fracture | Fracture with no open skin wound.
|
|
|
|
singultus [s7ng-G4L-t9s] {singulto} | Hiccuping.
|
|
|
|
sinoatrial [si-no-A-tre-ål] (SA) node | Region of the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract.
|
|
|
|
sinus [SI-n9s] {seno} | 1. Hollow cavity, especially either of two cavities on the sides of the nose. 2. Space between the lactiferous ducts and the nipple.
|
|
|
|
sinusitis [si-nu-SI-t7s] {sinusitis} | Inflammation of the sinuses.
|
|
|
|
sinusotomy [sin-u-S3T-o-me] {sinusotomía} | Incision of a sinus.
|
|
|
|
sinus rhythm | Normal heart rhythm.
|
|
|
|
skeleton [SK1L-6-t8n] {esqueleto} | Bony framework of the body.
|
|
|
|
skin graft | Placement of fresh skin over a damaged area.
|
|
|
|
SMA (sequential multiple analyzer) | Original blood chemistry machine; now a synonym for blood chemistry.
|
|
|
|
small intestine | Twenty-foot long tube that continues the process of digestion started in the stomach; place where most absorption takes place.
|
|
|
|
smell {olfacción, oler} | Ability to perceive odors.
|
|
|
|
smooth muscle | Fibrous muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily
|
|
|
|
social worker | Nonmedical professional who is trained as
an advocate for people (such as the elderly or children)
and may also be trained in the treatment of mental
disorders.
|
|
|
|
sociopathy [SO-se-8-påth-e] | Extreme callous disregard for
others.
|
|
|
|
socket | Space in the jawline out of which teeth erupt above
the jawline.
|
|
|
|
soft palate [P0L-åt] | Soft posterior part of the palate in the mouth; flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx.
|
|
|
|
solid tumor | Carcinoma; most common type of tumor.
|
|
|
|
somatic [so-M0T-7k] nervous system | Part of the peripheral nervous system that receives and processes sensory input from various parts of the body.
|
|
|
|
somatoform [SO-må-to-f8rm] disorders | Mental disorders including physical symptoms that have a psychological base.
|
|
|
|
somatotrophic [SO-må-to-TROF-7k] hormone (STH) | Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; important in growth and development.
|
|
|
|
somnambulism [s8m-N0M-byu-l7zm] {sonambulismo} | Sleepwalking.
|
|
|
|
somnolence [S3M-no-l6ns] {somnolencia} | Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder.
|
|
|
|
sonogram [S3N-o-gråm] | Ultrasound image.
|
|
|
|
sonography [s8-N3G-rå-fe] {sonografía} | Production of images based on the echoes of sound waves against structures.
|
|
|
|
spasm [spåzm] {espasmo} | Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction.
|
|
|
|
spastic [SP0S-t7k] | Tending to have spasms.
|
|
|
|
specific gravity | Measurement of the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine.
|
|
|
|
SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) brain scan | Brain image produced by the use of radioactive
isotopes.
|
|
|
|
sperm [sp6rm] {esperma} | Male sex cell that contains chromosomes.
|
|
|
|
spermatogenesis [SP1R-må-to-J1N-6-s7s] | Production of sperm.
|
|
|
|
spermatozoon(pl., spermatozoa) [SP1R-må-to-ZO-8n (SP1Rmå-to-ZO-å)] {espermatozoo} | See sperm.
|
|
|
|
spermicide [SP1R-m7-sid] {espermicida} | Contraceptive chemical that destroys sperm; usually in cream or jelly form.
|
|
|
|
sphenoid [SF1-n8yd] bone | Bone that forms the base of the skull.
|
|
|
|
sphenoid sinus | Sinus above and behind the nose.
|
|
|
|
sphygmomanometer [SF2G-mo-må-N3M-6-t6r] {esfigmomanómetro} | Device for measuring blood pressure.
|
|
|
|
spina bifida [SPI-nå B2F-7-då] {espina bífida} | Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column.
|
|
|
|
spinal [SPI-nål] cavity | Body space that contains the spinal cord.
|
|
|
|
spinal column | Column of vertebrae at the posterior of the body, from the neck to the coccyx.
|
|
|
|
spinal cord | Ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column
and from which spinal nerves extend.
|
|
|
|
spinal curvature | Abnormal curvature of the spine.
|
|
|
|
spinal nerves | Any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities.
|
|
|
|
spinous [SPI-n9s] process | Protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch.
|
|
|
|
spirometer [spi-R3M-6-t6r] {espirómetro} | Testing machine that measures the lungs' volume and capacity.
|
|
|
|
spleen [splen] {bazo} | Organ of lymph system that filters, stores, and removes blood, and activates lymphocytes.
|
|
|
|
splenectomy [spl6-N1K-to-me] {esplenectomía} | Removal of the spleen.
|
|
|
|
splenomegaly [spl6n-o-M1G-å-le] | Enlarged spleen.
|
|
|
|
splinting {ferulización} | Applying a splint to immobilize a body part.
|
|
|
|
spondylolisthesis [SP3N-d7-lo-l7s-TH1-s7s] {espondilolistesis} | Degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns
with the one below it; slipped disk.
|
|
|
|
spondylolysis [sp8n-d7-L3L-7-s7s] {espodilolisis} | Degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra.
|
|
|
|
spondylosyndesis [SP3N-d7-lo-s7n-DE-s7s] {espondilosindesis} | Fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae.
|
|
|
|
sponge {esponja} | Polyurethane contraceptive device filled with spermicide and placed in vagina near cervix.
|
|
|
|
spongy bone | Bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow.
|
|
|
|
sprain [spran] | Injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture.
|
|
|
|
spur [sp9r] | Bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar.
|
|
|
|
sputum [SPU-t9m] sample or culture | Culture of material that is expectorated (or brought back up as mucus).
|
|
|
|
squamous cell carcinoma [SKW0-m9s s6l kår-s7n-NO-må] | Cancer of the squamous epithelium.
|
|
|
|
squamous epithelium [SKW0-m9s 6p-7-THE-le-9m] | Flat, scaly layer of cells that makes up the epidermis.
|
|
|
|
stage | Degree of tumor spread.
|
|
|
|
standard precautions | Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control for preventing the spread of disease.
|
|
|
|
stapedectomy [sta-p6-D1K-to-m6] | Removal of the stapes to cure otosclerosis.
|
|
|
|
stapes (pl., stapes, stapedes) [STA-pez (STA-p6-dez)] {estribo} | One of the three auditory ossicles; the stirrup.
|
|
|
|
staples | Metal devices used to suture surgical incisions.
|
|
|
|
statins [ST0-t7nz] | A class of lipid-lowering agents that are the most frequently used today.
|
|
|
|
steatorrhea [STE-å-to-RE-å] {esteatorrea} | Fat in the blood.
|
|
|
|
stem cell | Immature cell formed in bone marrow that becomes
differentiated into either a red or a white blood cell.
|
|
|
|
stenosis [st6-NO-s7s] {estenosis} | Narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or of the cardiac valves.
|
|
|
|
stent [st6nt] | Surgically implanted device used to hold something (as a blood vessel) open.
|
|
|
|
stereotactic [STER-e-o-T0K-t7k] frame | Headgear worn by patients needing pinpoint accuracy in the treatment of brain anomalies.
|
|
|
|
stereotaxy [STER-e-o-T0K-se], stereotactic [STER-e-o-T0K t7k] surgery | Destruction of deep-seated brain structures using
three-dimensional coordinates to locate the structures.
|
|
|
|
sternum [ST1R-n9m] {esternón} | Long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax.
|
|
|
|
steroid [STER-8yd, ST1R-8yd] | A hormone or chemical substance released by several endocrine glands or manufactured in various medications.
|
|
|
|
stimulus (pl., stimuli) [ST2M-yu-l9s (ST2M-yu-li)] {estimulo} | Anything that arouses a response.
|
|
|
|
stomach [ST3M-åk] {estómago} | Large sac between the esophagus and small intestine; place where food is broken down.
|
|
|
|
stool [stul] {heces} | Feces.
|
|
|
|
strabismus [strå-B2Z-m9s] {estrabismo} | Eye misalignment.
|
|
|
|
strain [stran] {distender} | Injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse.
|
|
|
|
stratified squamous epithelium | Layers of epithelial cells that make up the strata of epithelium of the epidermis.
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stratum (pl., strata)[STR0T-9m (STR0-tå)] {estrato} | Layer of tissue, especially a layer of the skin.
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stratum corneum [KOR-ne-9m] | Top sublayer of the epidermis.
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stratum germinativum [j6r-m7-N0T-7-v9m] | Bottom sublayer of the epidermis.
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stress test | Test that measures heart rate, blood pressure, and
other body functions while the patient is exercising on
a treadmill.
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striae [STRI-e] {estrías} | Stretch marks made in the collagen fibers of the dermis layer.
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striated [stri-AT-6d] muscle | Muscle with a ribbed appearance that is controlled at will.
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stridor [STRI-dor] {estridor} | High-pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions.
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stroke [strok] {accidente cerebrovascular} | See cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
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sty, stye [sti] {orzuelo} | Hordeolum.
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styloid [STI-l8yd] process | Peg-shaped protrusion from a bone.
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subcutaneous [s9b-kyu-TA-ne-9s] | Injected into the fatty layer of tissue beneath the outer layer of skin.
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subcutaneous [s9b-kyu-TA-ne-9s] layer | Bottom layer of the skin containing fatty tissue.
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subdural [s9b-DUR-ål] space | Area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which the arachnoid runs.
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sublingually [s9b-L2NG-gwå-le] | Under the tongue.
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subluxation [s9b-l9k-SA-sh9n] {subluxación} | Partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces.
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sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | Death of an infant, usually while sleeping, of unknown cause.
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sulcus (pl., sulci) [S4L-k9s (S4L-si)] {surco} | Groove or furrow in the surface of bone; see fissure.
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superficial [su-p6r-F2SH-ål] | At or near the surface (of the body).
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superior [su-PER-e-or] | Above another body structure.
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superior lobe | Topmost lobe of each lung.
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superior vena cava | Large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart.
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supine [su-PIN] | Lying on the spine facing upward.
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suppository [su-P3Z-7-tor-e] {supositorio} | Drug mixed with a semi-solid melting substance meant for administration by insertion into the vagina, rectum, or urethra.
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suppressor [su-PR1S-or] cell | T cell that suppresses B cells and other immune cells.
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suprarenal [SU-prå-RE-nål] gland | Adrenal gland.
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surgery [S1R-j6r-e] | Removal, transplant, or manipulation of tissue.
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surgical scissors | Scissors used for cutting and dissecting tissue during surgery
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suture [SU-chur] {sutura} | Joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane.
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suture [SU-chur] needles | Needles used in closing surgical wounds by sewing.
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sweat glands | Coiled glands of the skin that secrete perspiration
to regulate body temperature and excrete waste
products.
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sweat test | Test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of
salt in sweat.
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sympathetic [s7m-på-TH1T-7k] nervous system | Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stress.
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sympathomimetic [S2M-på-tho-m7-M1T-7k] {simpatomimético} | Mimicking functions of the sympathetic nervous system.
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symphysis [S2M-f7-s7s] {sinfisis} | Type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones.
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synapse [S2N-åps] {sinapsis} | Space over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another.
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synarthrosis [S2N-år-THRO-s7s] {sinartrosis} | Fibrous joint with no movement.
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syncope [S2N-ko-pe] {síncope} | Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain.
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syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) | Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
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synovectomy [s7n-o-V1K-to-me] {sinovectomía} | Removal of part or all of a joint's synovial membrane.
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synovial [s7-NO-ve-ål] fluid | Fluid that serves to lubricate joints.
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synovial joint | A joint that moves.
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synovial membrane | Connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid.
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syphilis [S2F-7-l7s] {sífilis} | Sexually transmitted infection.
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syringe [s7-R2NJ] {jeringa} | Instrument used for injection or withdrawal of fluids.
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system [S2S-t6m] | Any group of organs and ancillary parts that work together to perform a major body function.
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Most severe form of lupus, involving internal organs.
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systole [S2S-to-le] {systole} | Contraction phase of the heartbeat.
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tachycardia [T0K-7-K0R-de-å] {taquicardia} | Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
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tachypnea [tåk-7p-NE-å] {taquipnea} | Abnormally fast breathing.
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talipes calcaneus [T0L-7-pez kål-KA-ne-9s] | Deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles.
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talipes valgus [V0L-g9s] | Foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot.
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talipes varus [V0-r9s] | Foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot.
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target cell | Cell with receptors that are compatible with specific
hormones.
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tarsus, tarsal [T0R-s9s, T0R-sål] bones | Seven bones of the instep (arch of the foot).
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taste | Ability to perceive the qualities of ingested matter.
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taste buds | Organs that sense the taste of food.
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taste cells | Specialized receptor cells within the taste buds.
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Tay-Sachs [TA-såks] disease | Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and, eventually, death.
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T cells | Specialized cells that develop in the thymus and are
responsible for cellular immunity, and assist with humoral
immunity.
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tears [t6rz] {lágrimas} | Moisture secreted from the lacrimal glands.
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telangiectasia [t6l-0N-je-6k-TA-zhe-å] | A permanent dilation of the small blood vessels.
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temporal [T1M-po-rål] bone | Large bone forming the base and sides of the skull.
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temporal lobe [T1M-po-rål lob] | One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum.
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temporomandibular [T1M-po-ro-mån-D2B-yu-lår] joint (TMJ) | Joint of the lower jaw between the temporal bone
and the mandible.
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temporomandibular [T1M-po-ro-mån-D2B-yu-lår] joint (TMJ) dysfunction | Pain in the jawline due to dislocation of the joint.
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tendinitis, tendonitis [t6n-d7n-IT-7s] {tendonitis} | Inflammation of a tendon.
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tendon [T1N-d8n] {tendon} | Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structures.
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tenotomy [t6-N3T-o-me] {tenotomía} | Surgical cutting of a tendon.
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teratoma [t6r-å-TO-må] | Growth containing several types of tissue and various types of cells.
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terminal end fibers | Group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaving the neuron to the next neuron.
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testicle [T1S-t7-kl] {testículo} | See testis.
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testis (pl., testes) [T1S-t7s (T1S-tez)], testicle [TES-ti-kl] {testículo} | Male organ that produces sperm and is contained
in the scrotum; one of two male organs that secrete hormones in the endocrine system.
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testosterone [t6s-T3S-t6-ron] {testosterona} | Primary male hormone.
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tetany [T1T-å-ne] {tetania} | Painfully long muscle contraction. Muscle paralysis, usually due to decreased levels of ionized calcium in the blood.
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tetralogy of Fallot [få-LO] | Set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation: ventricular septal-defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
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thalamus [TH0L-å-m9s] {tálamo} | One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.
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thalassemia [thål-å-SE-me-å] {talasemia} | Hereditary disorder characterized by inability to produce sufficient hemoglobin.
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therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) | Taking of regular blood or urine tests to track drug use and effectiveness of medication.
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therapeutic massage | Stimulates the skin, muscles, and tissue to promote healing.
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therapeutic touch | The laying on of hands to promote healing.
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therapist [TH0R-å-p7st] | Nonmedical professional trained in the treatment of mental disorders through talk therapy.
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third molar | Molar furthest from the median of the jawline.
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third-degree burn | Most severe type of burn; involves complete
destruction of an area of skin.
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thoracic [tho-R0S-7k] cavity | Body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
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thoracic [tho-R0S-7k] surgeon | Surgeon who specializes in surgery of the thorax.
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thoracic [tho-R0S-7k] vertebrae | Twelve vertebrae of the chest area.
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thoracocentesis [THOR-å-ko-s6n-TE-s7s] {toracocentesis} | Surgical puncture of the chest cavity.
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thoracostomy [thor-å-K3S-to-me] {toracostomía} | Establishment of an opening in the chest cavity.
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thoracotomy [thor-å-K3T-o-me] {toracotomía} | Incision into the chest cavity.
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thorax [THO-råks] {tórax} | Part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest; chest cavity.
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throat [throwt] {garganta} | See pharynx.
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throat culture | Test for streptococcal or other infections in which a swab taken on the surface of the throat is placed in a culture to see if certain bacteria grow.
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thrombectomy [thr8m-B1K-to-me] {trombectomia} | Surgical removal of a thrombus.
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thrombin [THR3MB-7n] {trombina} | Enzyme that helps in clot formation.
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thrombocyte [THR3M-bo-sit] {trombocito} | Platelet; cell fragment that produces thrombin.
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thrombocytopenia [THR3M-bo-si-to-PE-ne-å] | Bleeding condition with insufficient production of platelets.
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thrombolytic [thr8m-bo-L2T-7k] | Agent that dissolves a thrombus; agent that dissolves blood clots.
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thrombophlebitis [THR3M-bo-fl6-BI-tis] {tromboflebitis} | Inflammation of a vein with a thrombus.
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thromboplastin [thr8m-bo-PL0S-t7n] | Protein that aids in forming a fibrin clot.
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thrombosis [thr8m-BO-s7s] {trombosis} | Presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel.
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thrombotic [thr8m-B3T-7k] stroke | Stroke caused by a thrombus.
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thrombotic [thr8m-B3T-7k] occlusion | Narrowing caused by a thrombus.
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thrombus [THR3M-b9s] {trombo} | Blood clot; stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood.
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thymectomy [thi-M1K-to-me] {timectomía} | Removal of the thymus gland.
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thymoma [thi-MO-må] {timoma} | Tumor of the thymus gland.
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thymosin [THI-mo-s7n] {timosina} | Hormone secreted by the thymus gland that aids in distribution of thymocytes and lymphoctyes.
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thymus [THI-m9s] gland | Soft gland with two lobes that is involved in immune responses; located in mediastinum; gland that is part of the immune system as well as part of the endocrine system; aids in the maturation of T and B cells.
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thyroid [THI-r8yd] gland | Gland with two lobes located on either side of the trachea; helps control blood calcium levels and metabolic functions.
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thyroid cartilage | See Adam's apple.
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thyroid function test or study | Test for levels of TSH, T3, and T4 in blood plasma to determine thyroid function.
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thyroid scan | Imaging test for thyroid abnormalities.
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thyroidectomy [thi-r8y-D1K-to-me] {tiroidectomía} | Removal of the thyroid.
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid hormones.
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