thyrotoxicosis [THI-ro-t8k-s7-KO-s7s] | Overactivity of the thyroid gland.
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thyroxine [thi-R3K-s6n, -s7n] | Compound found in or manufactured for thyroid gland; helps regulate metabolism.
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tibia [T2B-e-å] {tibia} | Larger of the two lower leg bones.
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tic {tic} | Twitching movement that accompanies some
neurological disorders.
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tine [tin] test, TB tine | Screening test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin).
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tinea [T2N-e-å] {tiña} | Fungal infection; ringworm.
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Tinel's [t7-N1LZ] sign | "Pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped.
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tinnitus [t7-NI-t9s, T2-n7-t9s] {tinnitus} | Constant ringing or buzzing in the ear.
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tissue [T2SH-u] | Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function.
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tissue-type plasminogen [plåz-M2N-o-j6n] activator (tPA,TPA) | Agent that prevents a thrombus from forming.
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T lymphocytes | See T cells.
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TNM system | Tumor, node, metastasis system of categorizing
tumors.
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tocolytic [t8-ko-L2T-7k] agent | Hormone given to stop labor.
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tomography [to-M3G-rå-f6] | Type of imaging that produces three-dimensional images.
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tongue [t9ng] {lengua} | Fleshy part of the mouth that moves food during mastication.
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tonic-clonic seizure | Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness.
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tonometry [to-N3M-6-tre] {tonometría} | Measurement of tension or pressure within the eye.
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tonsillectomy [T3N-s7-L1K-to-me] {tonsilectomía} | Removal of the tonsils.
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tonsillitis [T3N-s7-LI-t7s] {tonsillitis} | Inflammation of the tonsils.
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topical anesthetic | Anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin.
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topically [T3P-7-cål-le] | On the surface of the skin.
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touch {tacto} | Ability to perceive sensation on the skin.
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Tourette [tu-R1T] syndrome | Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics.
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toxicology [t8k-s7-K3L-o-je] {toxicología} | Study of harmful effects of drugs.
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trabeculectomy [trå-B1K-yu-L1K-to-me] | Removal of part of the trabeculum to allow aqueous humor to flow freely around the eye.
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tracer study | Image that traces the passage of a radiopharmaceutical
through an organ or tissue.
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trachea [TRA-ke-å] {tráquea} | Airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe.
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tracheitis [tra-ke-I-t7s] | Inflammation of the trachea.
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tracheoplasty [TRA-ke-o-PL0S-te] {traqueoplastia} | Repair of the trachea.
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tracheostomy [TRA-ke-3S-to-me] {traqueostomía} | Creation of an artificial opening in the trachea.
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tracheotomy [tra-ke-3T-o-me] {traqueotomia} | Incision into the trachea.
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traction [TR0K-sh9n] {tracción} | Dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by attachment of elastic or other devices.
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trade name | Name copyrighted by the manufacturer for a particular version of a drug.
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traditional Chinese medicine | Various practices that promote balance between yin and yang to promote and maintain health.
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tranquilizer [TR0NG-kw7-li-z6r] | Medication used to relieve anxiety.
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transcranial sonogram [tråns-KRA-ne-ål S3N-o-gråm] | Brain images produced by the use of sound waves.
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transfusion [tråns-FYU-zh9n] {transfusión} | Injection of donor blood into a person needing blood.
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transient ischemic [7s-KE-m7k] attack | Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur.
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transverse plane | Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
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transverse process | Protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch.
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tremor [TR1M-or] {tremblor} | Abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions.
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trephination, trepanation [tr6f-7-NA-sh9n, tr6p-å-NA-sh9n] | Circular incision into the skull.
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trichiasis [tr7-KI-å-s7s] | Abnormal growth of eyelashes in a direction that causes them to rub on the eye.
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tricuspid [tri-K4S-p7d] valve | Atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart.
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tricuspid stenosis | Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve.
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triglyceride [tri-GL2S-6r-id] {triglicérido} | Fatty substance; lipid.
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trigone [TRI-gon] {trígono} | Triangular area at the base of the bladder through which the ureters enter and the urethra exits the bladder.
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triiodothyronine [tri-I-o-do-THI-ro-nen] | (T3) Thyroid hormone that stimulates growth.
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trochanter [tro-K0N-t6r] {trocánter} | Bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur.
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true ribs | Seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the
sternum.
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tubercle [TU-b6r-kl] {tubérculo} | Slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached.
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tuberculosis [tu-b6r-kyu-LO-s7s] {tuberculosis} | Acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli.
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tuberosity [TU-b6r-3S-7-te] {tuberosidad} | Large elevation in the surface of a bone.
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tumor [TU-mor] {tumor} | Any mass of tissue; swelling; growth made up of cells that reproduce abnormally.
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tylectomy | Surgical removal of a localized tumor.
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tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane | Eardrum.
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tympanitis [t7m-på-NI-t7s] | Inflammation of the eardrum.
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tympanoplasty [T2M-på-no-plås-te] | Repair of an eardrum.
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Type I diabetes | Endocrine disorder with abnormally low levels of insulin; also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
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Type II diabetes | Disease caused by failure of the body to recognize insulin that is present or by an abnormally low level of insulin; also known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); usually adult onset.
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ulcer [4L-s6r] {úlcera} | Open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue.
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ulcerating [4L-s6r-a-t7ng] | Having open wounds.
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ulcerative colitis [ko-LI-t7s] | Inflammation of the colon with ulcers.
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ulna [4L-nå] {ulna} | Larger bone of the forearm.
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ultrasonography [4L-trå-so-N3G-rå-fe] | Use of sound waves to produce images of the interior of a body.
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ultrasound [4L-trå-s8wnd] | Image resulting from ultrasonography; produced by sound waves.
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ultraviolet [9l-trå-VI-o-l6t] light | Artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions.
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umbilical [9m-B2L-7-kål] cord | Cord that connects the placenta in the mother's uterus to the navel of the fetus during gestation for nourishment of the fetus.
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umbilical [9m-B2L-7-kål] region | Area of the body surrounding the umbilicus.
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undiffferentiated [4N-d7f-6r-1N-she-a-t6d] | Lacking a defined cell structure.
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upper respiratory infection | Infection of all or part of upper portion of respiratory tract.
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uptake [9p-TAK] | Speed of absorption of a radio-pharmaceutical by a particular organ or body part.
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urea [yu-RE-å] {urea} | Waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine.
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uremia [yu-RE-me-å] {uremia} | Excess of urea and other wastes in the blood.
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ureter [yu-RE-t6r] {uréter} | One of two tubes that conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder.
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ureterectomy [yu-re-t6r-1K-to-me] | Surgical removal of all or some of a ureter.
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ureteroplasty [yu-RE-t6r-o-plås-te] | Surgical repair of a ureter.
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ureterorrhaphy [yu-re-t6r-OR-å-fe] | Suturing of a ureter.
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urethra [yu-RE-thrå] {uretra} | Tube through which urine is transported from the bladder to the exterior of the body.
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urethrogram [yu-RE-thro-gråm] | X-ray of the urethra and prostate.
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urethropexy [yu-RE-thro-p6x-e] | Surgical fixing of the urethra.
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urethroplasty [yu-RE-thro-plås-te] | Surgical repair of the urethra.
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urethrorrhaphy [yu-re-THROR-å-fe] | Suturing of the urethra.
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urethrostomy [yu-re-THR3S-to-me] | Establishment of an opening between the urethra and the exterior of the body.
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urethrotomy [yu-re-THR3T-o-me] | Surgical incision of a narrowing in the urethra.
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uric [YUR-7k] acid | Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
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uric [YUR-7k] acid test | Test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout.
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urinalysis [yu-r7-N0L-7-s7s] {análisis de orina} | Examination of the properties of urine.
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urinary [YUR-7-nar-e] bladder | See bladder.
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urinary [YUR-7-nar-e] system | Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and helps maintain homeostasis by removing fluid and dissolved waste; body system that forms and excretes urine and helps in the reabsorption of essential substances.
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urinary tract infection (UTI) | Infection of the urinary tract.
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urine [YUR-7n] {orina} | Fluid excreted by the urinary system.
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urine sugar | Test for diabetes; determined by presence of
ketones or sugar in urine.
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urology [yu-R3L-o-je] {urología} | Medical specialty that diagnoses and treats the urinary system and the male reproductive system.
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urostomy [yu-R3S-to-me] | Establishment of an opening in the abdomen to the exterior of the body for the release of urine.
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urticaria [4R-t7-K0R-e-å] {urticaria} | Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy.
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uterine [YU-t6r-7n] tube | One of two tubes through which ova travel from an ovary to the uterus.
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uterus [YU-t6r-9s] {útero} | Female reproductive organ; site of implantation after fertilization or release of the lining during menstruation.
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uvea [YU-ve-å] {úvea} | Region of the eye containing the iris, choroid membrane, and ciliary bodies.
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uvula [YU-vyu-lå] {uvula} | Cone-shaped projection hanging down from soft palate.
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vaccination [V0K-s7-NA-sh9n] {vacunación} | Injection of an antigen from a different organism to cause active immunity.
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vaccine [V0K-sen] {vacuna} | Antigen developed from a different organism that causes active immunity in the recipient.
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vagina [vå-JI-nå] {vagina} | Genital canal leading from the uterus to the vulva.
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vaginitis [våj-7-NI-t7s] {vaginitis} | Inflammation of the vagina.
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vagotomy [vå-G3T-o-me] | Surgical cutting off of the vagus nerve.
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valve [vålv] {válvula} | Any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward.
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valve replacement | Surgical replacement of a coronary valve.
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valvotomy [vål-V3T-o-me] | Incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction.
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valvulitis [vål-vyu-LI-t7s] {valvulitis} | Inflammation of a heart valve.
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valvuloplasty [V0L-vyu-lo-PL0S-te] {valvuloplastia} | Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve.
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varicella [vår-7-S1L-å] {varicela} | Contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chicken pox.
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varicocele [V0R-7-ko-sel] {varicocele} | Enlargement of veins of the spermatic cord.
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varicose [V0R-7-kos] vein | Dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg.
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vas deferens [vås D1F-6r-6ns] | Narrow tube through which sperm leave the epididymis and travel to the seminal vesicles and into the urethra.
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vascular [V0S-kyu-lår] lesion | Lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin.
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vasectomy [va-S1K-to-m6] {vasectomía} | Removal of part of the vas deferens to prevent conception.
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vasoconstrictor [VA-so-k8n-STR2K-tor] | Agent that narrows the blood vessels.
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vasodilator [VA-so-di-LA-tor] | Agent that dilates or widens the blood vessels.
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vasopressin [va-so-PR1S-7n] | Hormone secreted by pituitary gland; raises blood pressure.
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vasovasostomy [VA-so-vå-S3S-to-me] {vasovasostomía} | Reversal of a vasectomy.
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vegetation [v6j-6-TA-sh9n] {vegetación} | Clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection.
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vein [van] {vena} | Any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein.
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vena cava (pl., venae cavae) [VE-nå K0-vå (VE-nå K0-ve)] | See superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
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venipuncture [V1N-7-p9nk-ch9r, VE-n7-p9nk-chur]{venipuntura} | Small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution; insertion of a needle into a vein, usually for the purpose of extracting a blood sample.
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venography [ve-N3G-rå-fe] {venografía} | Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
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ventilators [V1N-t7-la-torz] | Mechanical breathing devices.
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ventral [V1N-trål] | At or toward the front (of the body).
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ventral [V1N-trål] cavity | Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
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ventral thalamus | One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.
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ventricle [V1N-tr7-kl] {ventrículo} | 1. Either of the two lower chambers of the heart. 2. Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid.
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ventriculogram [v6n-TR2K-yu-lo-gråm] | X-ray of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium.
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venule [V1N-yul, VE-nul] {vénula} | A tiny vein connecting to a capillary.
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verruca (pl., verrucae) [v6-RU-kå (v6-RU-ke)] | Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart.
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verrucous [v6-RU-kos] {verruga} | Wartlike in appearance.
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vertebra (pl., vertebrae) [V1R-t6-brå (V1R-t6-bre)] {vertebra, pl., vertebras} | One of the bony segments of the spinal column.
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vertebral body | Main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra.
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vertebral column | Spinal column.
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vertigo [V1R-t7-go, v6r-T2-go] {vértigo} | Dizziness.
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vesicle [V1S-7-kl] {vesicular} | Small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid.
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vestibule [V1S-t7-bul] {vestíbulo} | Bony chamber between the semicircular canal and the cochlea.
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vial [VI-ål] {vial} | A small receptacle for holding liquid or pill medications.
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villus (pl., villi) [V2L-9s (V2L-i)] {vellosidad} | Tiny, fingerlike projection on the lining of the small intestine with capillaries through which digested nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
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viral meningitis | Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis.
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virilism [V2R-7-l7zm] {virilismo} | Condition with excessive androgen production, often resulting in the appearance of mature male characteristics in young.
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visceral [V2S-6r-ål] muscle | Smooth muscle.
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visceral pleura [V2S-6r-ål PLUR-å] | Inner layer of the pleura.
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vitamin [VIT-å-m7n] {vitamina} | Organic substance found
in food.
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vitamin D | Vitamin important to the formation of bone.
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vitiligo [v7t-7-LI-go] {vitiligo} | Condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin.
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vocal cords | Strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play
a major role in the production of sound.
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voice box | See larynx.
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voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram [s7s-to-yu-RE-thro-gråm] (VCU, VCUG) | X-ray image made after introduction of a contrast medium and while urination is taking place.
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voluntary muscle | Striated muscle.
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volvulus [V3L-vyu-lus] {vólvulo} | Intestinal blockage caused by the intestine twisting on itself.
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vomer [VO-m6r] {vómer} | Flat bone forming the nasal septum.
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von Willebrand's [v8n W2L-l6-bråndz] disease | Hemorrhagic disorder with tendency to bleed from mucous membranes.
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vulva [V4L-vå] {vulva} | External female genitalia.
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wart [wort] {varruga} | See verruca.
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Western blot | Test primarily used to check for antibodies to
HIV in serum.
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wheal [hwel] {roncha} | Itchy patch of raised skin.
|
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wheezes [HWEZ-6z] {sibilancias} | Whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma.
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white blood cell | One of the solid parts of blood from
stem cells that plays a role in defense against disease;
leukocyte.
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whitehead [WHIT-h6d] {punto blanco} | Closed comedo that
does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads.
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whooping cough [HO3P-7ng kåwf] | See pertussis.
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Wilms' tumor | Malignant kidney tumor found primarily in young children; nephroblastoma.
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windpipe | See trachea.
|
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xenograft [Z1N-o-gråft] {xenoinjerto} | See heterograft.
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x-ray [6ks-ra] | High-energy particles of radiation from the interior of a substance.
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zygomatic [ZI-go-M0T-7k] | bone Bone that forms the cheek.
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