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An Introduction to the World's Oceans, 10/e
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Multiple Choice Quiz
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The Physical Properties of Water
Multiple Choice Quiz
1
Which of the following statements does not accurately describe water molecules?
A)
Each of the hydrogen atoms is linked to the oxygen atom by a covalent bond.
B)
Hydrogen bonds link hydrogen atoms in one water molecule to oxygen atoms in another molecule.
C)
Oxygen atoms in a water molecule are negatively charged and hydrogen atoms are positively charged.
D)
The water molecule has a linear arrangement of atoms because the hydrogen atoms repel each other.
2
The gain or loss of heat in a body of water is measured by:
A)
temperature.
B)
calories.
C)
fusion.
D)
your big toe.
3
Which of the following statements is not correct?
A)
A change of state occurs when liquid water changes to ice or vapor.
B)
Melting of ice requires enough heat energy to break the hydrogen bonds.
C)
Loss of heat when condensate forms from vapor leads to a lower temperature in the condensate.
D)
A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
4
The amount of heat required to evaporate one gram of water at 50
o
C is:
A)
540 calories.
B)
590 calories.
C)
568.5 calories.
D)
100 calories.
5
The heat capacity of water:
A)
explains why it changes temperature very rapidly.
B)
is about the same as land.
C)
is 1 calorie/g/
o
C.
D)
changes greatly with the addition of salt.
6
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe water properties?
A)
Cohesion reflects the ability of hydrogen bonds to hold water molecules together.
B)
Cohesion is visible in the water's surface tension.
C)
Increasing the temperature of water increases the surface tension.
D)
Viscosity increases with the addition of salt.
7
The density of pure water:
A)
decreases with cooling.
B)
reaches its maximum at about 4
o
C.
C)
does not change with the addition of salt.
D)
is greater than steel, which is why ships float.
8
Select the statement that does not correctly describe the effect of temperature on water density.
A)
Warm water has lower density than cold water.
B)
Water decreases its volume when it freezes.
C)
Water molecules move apart slightly as temperatures cool below 4
o
C.
D)
Water vapor is less dense than dry air alone.
9
The effect of salt on the density of water is not correctly described in which of the following statements?
A)
Density decreases as salt is added.
B)
Ocean water reaches its maximum density at the freezing point.
C)
Adding salt lowers the freezing temperature.
D)
As open ocean water cools towards the freezing point, it sinks continuously.
10
Which of these statements best describes the solubility of salts in water?
A)
Ocean water is diluted (its salinity drops) as it evaporates and salt is carried away with the water vapor.
B)
Sodium chloride in solution remains as a molecule of NaCl.
C)
NaCl dissolves into separate ions in water.
D)
Salts on land result from the precipitation of water vapor evaporated from the ocean.
11
Ocean temperatures are accurately described by all but which of the following statements?
A)
The surface of the ocean is heated by solar radiation.
B)
Surface water transfers heat downward through convection as it warms.
C)
Heat is transferred to the atmosphere through evaporation.
D)
Only a small amount of heat is transferred to depths through conduction.
12
Visible light from the sun:
A)
attenuates rapidly with depth.
B)
loses the shorter wavelengths first.
C)
is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
D)
is equally transmitted across all wavelengths in water.
13
The bending of light passing from air to water is:
A)
defraction.
B)
reflection.
C)
deflection.
D)
refraction.
14
Sound waves:
A)
travel faster in water than air.
B)
travel faster in warm water.
C)
that originate in the sofar channel remain in that layer.
D)
are accurately described by A, B, and C.
15
Which of the following exploration methods does not utilize sound?
A)
measurement of depths
B)
measurement of changes in water temperature
C)
location of objects in the water
D)
changes in visibility through water
16
Sea ice:
A)
does not include ice anchored to land.
B)
forms only in the northern polar seas.
C)
first forms as glacial ice.
D)
exists year round in the central Arctic Ocean.
17
Which of the following is not a type of fog?
A)
advective
B)
salty
C)
radiative
D)
sea smoke
18
Warm air moving over cooler water will form:
A)
advective fog.
B)
salty fog.
C)
radiative fog.
D)
sea smoke.
19
Which of the following statements regarding icebergs is not correct?
A)
Icebergs pose hazards only to shipping in the northern oceans.
B)
Icebergs begin as glacial ice.
C)
Icebergs calve off from glaciers.
D)
A large iceberg may drift in the ocean for several years.
20
At a depth of 30 meters:
A)
blue objects will still appear blue.
B)
red objects may appear black because of the absence of red light waves.
C)
only light at the shorter end of the spectrum remains.
D)
The statements in A, B, and C are each correct.
21
Which of the following is NOT true about phase changes of water?
A)
More energy is required to melt ice than to freeze water.
B)
The phase change between liquid water and water vapor involves the most heat being absorbed or released.
C)
More energy is required to evaporate water than to melt ice.
D)
The melting point and freezing point of water is 0
o
C.
22
Which is not true about the relationships between salt and fresh water?
A)
Higher salinity water has a greater density than lower salinity water.
B)
The freezing point of water decreases as salinity increases.
C)
The boiling point of water increases as salinity increases.
D)
Salt water floats on fresh water.
23
The 105
o
angle between the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is important because:
A)
it increases the strength of the covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen.
B)
it makes the charge of the water molecule unbalanced or polar.
C)
it makes it easier for the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to separate from the molecule.
D)
it increases the conductivity of water.
24
Which of the following is NOT true about water?
A)
It is the only substance to occur naturally as a solid, liquid, and gas on Earth.
B)
It dissolves more substances than any other solvent.
C)
It has the highest specific heat of all substances.
D)
It is very compressible.
25
Which is not true about between sea ice versus icebergs?
A)
Icebergs form when a piece of land ice breaks off and falls into the sea.
B)
Sea ice forms from seawater.
C)
In terms of sea level rise, melting sea ice and melting of icebergs are equally threatening.
D)
Ice bergs form from fresh water.
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