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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
________ discovered penicillin when he observed clearing around Penicillium notatum on bacterial plates.
A)Alexander Fleming
B)Robert Koch
C)Paul Ehrlich
D)Louis Pasteur
2
Salvarsan, the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent, was discovered by
A)Alexander Fleming.
B)Robert Koch.
C)Paul Ehrlich.
D)Louis Pasteur.
3
________ are the primary sources of most antibiotics.
A)Bacteria and viruses
B)Viruses and protistans
C)Protistans and fungi
D)Fungi and bacteria
4
All of the following should be considered before antimicrobial therapy can begin EXCEPT:
A)the medical condition of the patient.
B)the cost of the antimicrobial therapy.
C)the susceptibility of the microorganism.
D)the identity of the microorganism causing the infection.
5
Antimicrobial drugs can be divided into categories based on the metabolic target they affect. Identify one of these targets from the list below.
A)inhibition of cell wall lysis
B)inhibition of protein denaturation
C)interference with cell membrane function
D)inhibition of folic acid decomposition
6
Antimicrobials are classified by all the following EXCEPT
A)chemical composition.
B)source or origin.
C)site of action.
D)solubility.
7
Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial include that it
A)is broadly toxic.
B)is microbicidal.
C)is allergenic.
D)leads to antimicrobial resistance.
8
A drug with a _________ therapeutic index (TI) is safer for use in a patient.
A)lower
B)higher
9
Which of the following should be taken into consideration before a physician administers an antibiotic to a patient?
A)patient age
B)history of allergies to antibiotics
C)whether the patient is pregnant
D)all of the above
10
Which of the following categories of antibiotics does NOT target the bacterial ribosome?
A)Aminoglycosides
B)Cephalosporins
C)Tetracyclines
D)Glycylcyclines
11
Cephalosporins and penicillins act on the cross-linkages in peptidoglycan. This usually results in
A)membrane breakdown.
B)cell lysis.
C)gram-positive cells becoming gram-negative.
D)inhibition of protein synthesis.
12
The majority of antimicrobials are effective against
A)bacteria.
B)helminthes.
C)viruses.
D)protozoa.
13
Microbes can become drug resistant and lose their sensitivity to a drug through the acquisition of resistance factors. Drug resistance can take the form of
A)drug activation.
B)increased permeability to the drug.
C)decreased elimination of the drug from the cell.
D)change in drug binding sites.
14
Bacterial drug resistance emerges in populations due to
A)not enough doctors.
B)poor hygiene.
C)gene transfer.
D)ineffective MIC tests.
15
Bacterial drug resistance could be reduced by
A)physicians writing more prescriptions.
B)washing hands more often with antibacterial soaps.
C)more susceptibility testing.
D)all of the above.
16
________ chemotherapy targets helminthes and protozoans.
A)Antibacterial
B)Antimalarial
C)Antiparasitic
D)Antifungal
17
Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents have a mode of action which
A)prevents viral maturation.
B)transcription and translation of viral molecules
C)disallows entry of virus into the cell.
D)all of the above.
18
Which of the following is used most often in cases of allergy to penicillins or antibiotic resistance?
A)Vancomycin
B)Azteonam
C)Erythromycin
D)Cephalothin
19
________ is an anti-HIV medication that blocks DNA synthesis.
A)Fuzeon
B)AZT
C)Acyclovir
D)Saquinavir
20
A new antiviral drug called DRACO created at MIT detects _______ in cells, indicating viral replication, and causes the cell to self destruct.
A)viral DNA
B)abnormal host DNA
C)long strands of dsDNA
D)abnormal host RNA
21
________ are preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals to improve intestinal biota.
A)Prebiotics
B)Probiotics
C)Lantibiotics
D)Macrobiotics
22
Prophylaxis is the use of antimicrobial drugs to
A)treat an infection.
B)reduce infective dose.
C)prevent infection.
D)test susceptibility.
23
Fungal infections are more difficult to treat because fungal cells are so similar to animal cells.
A)True
B)False
24
The three major side effects of antimicrobials are toxicity to organs, allergic reactions, and suppression or alteration of blood cells.
A)True
B)False
25
The Kirby-Bauer test identifies agents that can be used to fight specific bacteria.
A)True
B)False
26
Azoles are used to fight malarial parasites.
A)True
B)False
27
Some antiviral agents are activated by viral enzymes.
A)True
B)False
28
MIC determines how much antimicrobial agent to use in vivo.
A)True
B)False
29
Bacteria in biofilms can be treated with the same antibiotics as bacteria causing localized or systemic infections.
A)True
B)False
30
In vitro testing of an antibiotic to determine its antimicrobial activity is sufficient before using the drug in vivo.
A)True
B)False
31
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are always the most effective choice for treating a bacterial infection.
A)True
B)False
32
Tamiflu and Relenza must be taken early in an influenza infection in order to be effective.
A)True
B)False





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