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1 | | The gastrointestinal tract can be thought of as a long tube. Identify the organ that is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract. |
| | A) | mouth |
| | B) | anus |
| | C) | pancreas |
| | D) | duodenum |
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2 | | The greatest concentration of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract are found |
| | A) | in the stomach. |
| | B) | on the teeth. |
| | C) | in the small intestine. |
| | D) | in the large intestine. |
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3 | | Which of the following immunological defenses is common to the oral cavity, the upper GI tract, and the lower GI tract? |
| | A) | IgA |
| | B) | lysozyme |
| | C) | low pH |
| | D) | bile |
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4 | | The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) consists of all the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | tonsils & adenoids. |
| | B) | Peyer's patches. |
| | C) | appendix. |
| | D) | gallbladder. |
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5 | | The incidence of dental caries is associated with |
| | A) | amount of carbohydrate consumed. |
| | B) | hygiene practices. |
| | C) | host genetic factors. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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6 | | Gingivitis is the initial stage of |
| | A) | dental caries. |
| | B) | periodontitis. |
| | C) | ulcers. |
| | D) | gastritis. |
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7 | | The paramyxovirus which causes mumps evades immune response by |
| | A) | having blood type O antigen on its surface. |
| | B) | forming syncytia and moving cell to cell. |
| | C) | infecting lymphocytes. |
| | D) | antigen switching. |
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8 | | Swelling of the salivary glands in mumps is called |
| | A) | parotitis. |
| | B) | periodontitis. |
| | C) | salivitis. |
| | D) | granuloma. |
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9 | | Salmonella variants cause all the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | salmonellosis. |
| | B) | typhoid fever. |
| | C) | gastroenteritis. |
| | D) | typhus. |
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10 | | Gastritis and gastric ulcers are caused primarily by |
| | A) | Helicobacter infection. |
| | B) | Staphylococcus infection. |
| | C) | high sugar diet & spicy foods. |
| | D) | psychological stress. |
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11 | | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, or EHEC, can cause all the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | hemolytic uremic syndrome. |
| | B) | dysentery. |
| | C) | gastroenteritis with fever. |
| | D) | hepatocarcinoma. |
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12 | | Short incubation period, "rice-water" stools, and copious watery diarrhea are the hallmark of infection by this organism, which kills up to half of untreated patients. |
| | A) | Clostridium difficile |
| | B) | Vibrio cholerae |
| | C) | Yersinia entercolitica |
| | D) | Cryptosporidium |
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13 | | "Food poisoning" should be suspected with persons who shared food within the previous 1-6 hours, and share the signs and symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Typically, this is due to |
| | A) | infection. |
| | B) | emetics. |
| | C) | intoxication. |
| | D) | inebriation. |
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14 | | ___________ does NOT produce an exotoxin as a virulence factor. |
| | A) | Salmonella |
| | B) | Shigella |
| | C) | E. coli O157:H7 |
| | D) | Campylobacter |
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15 | | Identify the hepatitis that can lead to cancer. |
| | A) | hepatitis A |
| | B) | hepatitis B |
| | C) | hepatitis D |
| | D) | hepatitis E |
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16 | | The most common flagellated protozoan isolated in clinical specimens is |
| | A) | Cyclospora cayetanensis |
| | B) | Giardia lamblia |
| | C) | Vibrio cholerae |
| | D) | Entamoeba histolytica |
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17 | | The most common worm disease of children in temperate zones is |
| | A) | tapeworm. |
| | B) | fluke. |
| | C) | pinworm. |
| | D) | hookworm. |
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18 | | Some antihelminthic therapeutic agents (ATA) work by |
| | A) | paralyzing the worm so it can be expelled in the feces. |
| | B) | increasing the worm's metabolism. |
| | C) | increasing ATP formation in the worm. |
| | D) | destroying the eggs. |
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19 | | Flukes tend to have a complex life cycle, using ___________ to complete the life cycle. |
| | A) | infective cysts |
| | B) | intermediate hosts |
| | C) | terminal hosts |
| | D) | sexual reproduction |
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20 | | Schistosomiasis has several unique characteristics, including |
| | A) | shedding eggs into the bile duct and use of snails as part of the life cycle. |
| | B) | being able to see tracks of burrowing worms under the skin and its tiny size. |
| | C) | absorbing vitamin B12 and making it unavailable to the host, causing anemia. |
| | D) | the ability to burrow into intact skin and coating itself with host blood proteins. |
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21 | | ______ is an inflammatory disease marked by necrosis of liver cells and a mononuclear response that swells and disrupts the liver. |
| | A) | Cholera |
| | B) | Hepatitis |
| | C) | Periodontitis |
| | D) | Giardiasis |
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22 | | Identify the worm whose larvae hatch outside the body in soil contaminated with feces, and then infect the host by penetrating the skin. |
| | A) | tapeworm |
| | B) | hookworm |
| | C) | pinworm |
| | D) | all of the above |
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23 | | The stomach is sterile and has no normal flora. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | Dental caries is the most common infectious disease of human beings. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | In the absence of dietary carbohydrates, bacteria do not cause tooth decay. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | Humans are the exclusive natural hosts for the mumps virus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | It is estimated that one out of every five chickens destined for human consumption is contaminated with Salmonella. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | Eosinophilia is a hallmark of helminth infection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | Diarrhea containing blood and mucus is also called dysentery. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United States. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | Salmonella enterica is the main pathogen of salmonellosis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | | Treatment for EHEC does not include antibiotic therapy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | | All E.coli variants cause disease. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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