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| 1 | |
Which of the following best describes ecology? Ecology is the branch of biology that studies |
| | A) | the relationships between the biotic and abiotic environmental factors. |
| | B) | the environment as a unique entity. |
| | C) | the relationships between organisms and their environments. |
| | D) | biotic, but not specifically abiotic, environmental factors. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? |
| | A) | Phosphorus is needed to make protein. |
| | B) | Phosphorus enters plants through their roots. |
| | C) | Phosphorus is present in large amounts in the soil. |
| | D) | Phosphorus evaporates from sea water. |
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| 3 | |
From smallest unit to largest unit, which is the correct order? |
| | A) | Species, populations, communities, ecosystems |
| | B) | Species, communities, populations, ecosystems |
| | C) | Ecosystems, species, populations, communities |
| | D) | Ecosystems, communities, populations, species. |
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| 4 | |
The first trophic level is occupied by |
| | A) | organisms that produce organic material from inorganic material. |
| | B) | herbivores (or primary consumers). |
| | C) | primary carnivores. |
| | D) | omnivores. |
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| 5 | |
In discussing the energy pyramid, it is important to remember that there is about a __________ loss of energy as we proceed from one trophic level to the next higher level. |
| | A) | 10% |
| | B) | 40% |
| | C) | 60% |
| | D) | 90% |
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| 6 | |
One of the easiest ways to measure the amount of energy at different trophic levels is to use the __________ but because of differences in the size of organisms at each trophic level, it is sometimes more accurate to use the __________. |
| | A) | pyramid of biomass / pyramid of numbers |
| | B) | pyramid of numbers / pyramid of biomass |
| | C) | pyramid of biomass / pyramid of energy |
| | D) | pyramid of energy / pyramid of biomass |
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| 7 | |
The rate at which an ecosystem can accumulate new organic matter is known as its |
| | A) | energy transfer rate. |
| | B) | organic growth factor rate. |
| | C) | productivity. |
| | D) | energy adaptability quotient. |
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| 8 | |
As energy is passed from one trophic level to the next in a food chain, about ______% is lost at each transfer. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 50 |
| | C) | 75 |
| | D) | 90 |
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| 9 | |
Which one of the following populations of organisms in an ecosystem would have the largest total biomass? |
| | A) | herbivores |
| | B) | producers |
| | C) | carnivores |
| | D) | decomposers |
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| 10 | |
The concept of a community differs from that of an ecosystem in that |
| | A) | a community includes plants and animals but not decomposers while an ecosystem includes all of these. |
| | B) | a community does not include abiotic factors and an ecosystem does. |
| | C) | a community is larger than an ecosystem. |
| | D) | a community cannot be organized in a pyramid and an ecosystem can. |
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| 11 | |
Which one of the following organisms is most likely to be at the second trophic level? |
| | A) | a maple tree |
| | B) | a snake |
| | C) | a fungus |
| | D) | an elephant |
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| 12 | |
Which one of the following is typical for organisms in a food chain? |
| | A) | Most organisms will only use one species of organism as a source of food |
| | B) | Most organisms occupy 3 to 4 different trophic levels depending on what they happen to be eating at the time. |
| | C) | Most organisms will be involved in several different food chains. |
| | D) | Most organisms will always feed at the producer level. |
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| 13 | |
Tree--> insect-->spider-->frog-->fish-->human |
| | A) | In the food chain above, the spider is |
| | B) | a tertiary consumer. |
| | C) | a herbivore. |
| | D) | at the third trophic level. |
| | E) | a producer. |
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| 14 | |
If the first trophic level contains 10,000 units of energy, the _______ trophic level will contain ____ units of energy. |
| | A) | fifth; 10 |
| | B) | second; 9,000 |
| | C) | third; 100 |
| | D) | second; 5,000 |
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| 15 | |
Which one of the following is biotic? |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | bacteria |
| | C) | pH |
| | D) | energy |
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| 16 | |
The majority of the humans on Earth generally occupy which trophic level? |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
| | D) | fourth |
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| 17 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about the cycling of materials in ecosystems? |
| | A) | Decomposers break down organic materials into inorganic materials that can again be used to make organic materials. |
| | B) | The carbon cycle involves both photosynthesis and respiration. |
| | C) | The hydrologic cycle involves photosynthesis and transpiration. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 18 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about the nitrogen cycle? |
| | A) | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas into compounds that plants can use to make amino acids. |
| | B) | Nitrifying bacteria convert nitrite compounds into ammonia. |
| | C) | Denitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrogen gas. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 19 | |
Water enters the atmosphere as a result of |
| | A) | photosynthesis. |
| | B) | respiration. |
| | C) | evaporation. |
| | D) | condensation. |
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| 20 | |
If nitrogen-fixing bacteria were to become extinct |
| | A) | life on earth would stop immediately since there would be no source of nitrogen. |
| | B) | life on earth would continue indefinitely. |
| | C) | life on earth would slowly dwindle as useful nitrogen became less available. |
| | D) | life on earth would be unchanged except that proteins would be less common. |
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| 21 | |
Nitrogen of the organic molecules in your body comes from |
| | A) | the air you breathe. |
| | B) | the water you drink. |
| | C) | carbohydrates in the food you eat. |
| | D) | proteins in the food you eat. |
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| 22 | |
Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere as N2 by |
| | A) | plants. |
| | B) | nitrogen-fixing bacteria. |
| | C) | denitrifying bacteria. |
| | D) | nitrifying bacteria. |
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| 23 | |
Nitrogen gas makes up approximately _____ of the Earth's atmosphere. |
| | A) | 2% |
| | B) | 7% |
| | C) | 45% |
| | D) | 80% |
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| 24 | |
Which one of the following does NOT cycle through an ecosystem? |
| | A) | energy |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | carbon |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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