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| 1 | |
The difference between a habitat and a niche is that a niche is |
| | A) | the specific functional role of an organism. |
| | B) | the organism's preferred habitat. |
| | C) | the kind of place an organism occupies. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 2 | |
When cattle were introduced into Australia, dung beetles from Africa were required to |
| | A) | keep the cattle population at acceptable levels. |
| | B) | recycle the cow manure. |
| | C) | reduce grass problems caused by the grazing animals. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 3 | |
Which statement(s) can be true about the predator/prey cycle? |
| | A) | Predation may harm the individual but benefit the population. |
| | B) | Predators act as selecting agents. |
| | C) | The predator population is kept in check by the prey population, as well as vice versa. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 4 | |
When two organisms live in close physical contact and one benefits while the other is harmed, the situation is called |
| | A) | mutualism. |
| | B) | commensalism. |
| | C) | parasitism. |
| | D) | vectorism. |
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| 5 | |
Lyme disease is caused by a __________ that spends part of its life in a __________. |
| | A) | bacterium / rodent vector |
| | B) | tick / rodent vector |
| | C) | bacterium / tick vector |
| | D) | tick / bacterium vector |
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| 6 | |
Orchids are epiphytes because they |
| | A) | benefit by living on other plants while not harming their hosts. |
| | B) | benefit by living on other plants while causing moderate, but not usually lethal, harm to their hosts. |
| | C) | benefit by living on other plants, which in turn benefits their hosts. |
| | D) | live on other plants, which is a benefit to the hosts but not the orchids themselves. |
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| 7 | |
The cells of coral and algae are intermingled within coral organisms. The relationship is __________ because the algae provide the nutrients for the coral and the coral provide the moist environment for the algae. |
| | A) | mutualistic |
| | B) | commensal |
| | C) | parasitic |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 8 | |
Symbiotic relationships are |
| | A) | necessarily beneficial to both organisms. |
| | B) | may be commensalistic or mutualistic or parasitic. |
| | C) | best described as those in which neither organism benefits but neither organism is harmed. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 9 | |
According to the competitive exclusion principle |
| | A) | no two species can occupy the same habitat at the same time. |
| | B) | no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time. |
| | C) | weaker organisms will be eliminated by intraspecific and interspecific competition. |
| | D) | resources will be depleted as competition excludes certain species. |
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| 10 | |
Wildlife management |
| | A) | has made some serious mistakes in the past about the value of predators. |
| | B) | is often at odds with municipalities on ways to control biological pests. |
| | C) | has made controversial decisions favoring wildlife over livestock owners. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 11 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about habitat destruction? |
| | A) | Some species are more resistant to human activities than others. |
| | B) | Communities with only a few species of organisms are usually more resistant to human interference than are communities with a wide variety of species. |
| | C) | The most common cause of extinction is overexploitation. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 12 | |
When considering the problems caused by the use of pesticides, it is important to remember that |
| | A) | pesticides may kill the "normal" pests while allowing resistant individuals to survive and reproduce. |
| | B) | pesticides may have deleterious effects on nontarget organisms. |
| | C) | predators and parasites generally reproduce more slowly than their prey and host species. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 13 | |
In biomagnification, |
| | A) | the metabolic pathways facilitate an increase in the actual number of molecules of an undesirable agent. |
| | B) | the concentration level of an undesirable agent increases at higher trophic levels. |
| | C) | although the actual amount of an undesirable agent does not increase, for reasons yet unknown the effects of the amounts present are amplified as the agent traverses the food web. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 14 | |
Which one of the following describes, in part, the niche of a rabbit? |
| | A) | the wind in the area it lives |
| | B) | the golf course it lives on |
| | C) | rabbits are eaten by coyotes |
| | D) | sunlight |
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| 15 | |
An epiphyte is in a ______ relationship. |
| | A) | commensal |
| | B) | parasitic |
| | C) | competitive |
| | D) | mutualistic |
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| 16 | |
If two species of organisms occupy the same niche |
| | A) | mutualism will result. |
| | B) | competition will be very intense. |
| | C) | both organisms will become extinct. |
| | D) | both will need to enlarge their habitat. |
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| 17 | |
Mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are all examples of |
| | A) | nitrogen-fixing bacteria. |
| | B) | symbiosis. |
| | C) | habitats. |
| | D) | competition. |
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| 18 | |
If an ecosystem has been contaminated with DDT or PCBs, where would you find the highest concentrations of these chemicals? |
| | A) | in the water |
| | B) | in tissues of producers |
| | C) | in fat tissues of primary consumers |
| | D) | in fat tissues of secondary consumers |
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| 19 | |
The habitat of an earthworm is |
| | A) | to be a parasite. |
| | B) | aquatic ecosystems. |
| | C) | topsoil. |
| | D) | eating dead organic matter. |
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| 20 | |
Many plants (flowers) provide nectar for insects. The insects in turn pollinate the flower. This relationship between the insect and plant represents |
| | A) | parasitism. |
| | B) | commensalism. |
| | C) | mutualism. |
| | D) | predation. |
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| 21 | |
Mosquitoes do not cause malaria, but carry and transfer the organism that does cause malaria. Mosquitoes in this instance are playing the role of a(n) |
| | A) | vector. |
| | B) | predator. |
| | C) | epiphyte. |
| | D) | competitor. |
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| 22 | |
Large regional communities determined primarily by climate are known as |
| | A) | ecosystems. |
| | B) | seres. |
| | C) | biomes. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 23 | |
The temperate deciduous forest is known for its |
| | A) | large evergreen trees. |
| | B) | large trees that lose their leaves each year. |
| | C) | vast shrub areas. |
| | D) | large grazing mammals. |
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| 24 | |
Which one of the following biomes is most similar to a prairie? |
| | A) | savanna |
| | B) | taiga |
| | C) | boreal forest |
| | D) | tundra |
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| 25 | |
Characteristics of the tundra include |
| | A) | long severe winters. |
| | B) | permafrost. |
| | C) | shrubs and lichens. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 26 | |
Which statement(s) about succession is/are true? |
| | A) | A relatively stable, long-lasting community is called a climax community. |
| | B) | As primary succession occurs, the soil becomes thicker and richer. |
| | C) | Secondary succession occurs when a climax community is changed to an earlier stage. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 27 | |
Which statement(s) about human uses of ecosystems is/are true? |
| | A) | Most human use of ecosystems involves replacing the natural climax community with an artificial early successional stage. |
| | B) | Forest plantations are simpler than natural forests because of the planting of a single species of tree in a given area. |
| | C) | Ponds and small lakes created by humans are often filled in because of weed problems. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 28 | |
The primary factor that determines whether a geographic area will support temperate deciduous forest or prairie is |
| | A) | the amount of rainfall. |
| | B) | the severity of the winters. |
| | C) | the depth of the soil. |
| | D) | the kinds of animals present. |
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| 29 | |
During secondary succession in forested areas, annual weeds are replaced by grasses which are replaced by trees because |
| | A) | larger plants shade smaller plants. |
| | B) | more soil is produced. |
| | C) | water becomes more abundant. |
| | D) | animals eat the smaller plants. |
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| 30 | |
Where would you find primary succession occurring? |
| | A) | a clear-cut forest |
| | B) | abandoned agricultural field |
| | C) | prairie burned by fire |
| | D) | rock exposed by glaciers |
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| 31 | |
Zooplankton are aquatic organisms that |
| | A) | carry on photosynthesis. |
| | B) | live on the bottom of the ocean. |
| | C) | readily swim from place to place. |
| | D) | are tiny animals that float in water and feed on small organisms. |
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| 32 | |
Organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean are called |
| | A) | Benthic. |
| | B) | Pelagic. |
| | C) | Planktonic. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 33 | |
In the ocean, the most common organisms that carry on photosynthesis are |
| | A) | Phytoplankton. |
| | B) | Zooplankton. |
| | C) | Benthic organisms. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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| 34 | |
Freshwater ecosystems differ from marine ecosystems in that |
| | A) | insects are common consumers in freshwater ecosystems. |
| | B) | freshwater ecosystems do not have zooplankton. |
| | C) | freshwater ecosystems do not have benthic organisms. |
| | D) | freshwater ecosystems do not contain nutrients. |
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