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| 1 | |
Which statement about matter is true? |
| | A) | Matter weighs more on the Moon than on Earth. |
| | B) | Matter can be used synonymously with mass. |
| | C) | The weight of matter, per unit volume, is the density. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 2 | |
The first law of thermodynamics states that |
| | A) | matter can be neither created nor destroyed. |
| | B) | the temperature of a substance is dependent on its state of matter. |
| | C) | the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy equals the velocity of the object. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 3 | |
The nucleus of the atom contains |
| | A) | protons and electrons. |
| | B) | neutrons and electrons. |
| | C) | protons and neutrons. |
| | D) | protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
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| 4 | |
A given atom of calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic weight of 42. This atom has |
| | A) | 20 protons, 22 electrons, 22 neutrons. |
| | B) | 20 protons, 20 electrons, 22 neutrons. |
| | C) | 22 protons, 22 electrons, 20 neutrons. |
| | D) | 22 protons, 20 electrons, 22 neutrons. |
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| 5 | |
Two atoms, 127I and 131I are __________ because they have the same number of __________ but different numbers of __________. |
| | A) | isotopes / neutrons / protons |
| | B) | isotopes / protons / neutrons |
| | C) | compounds / neutrons / protons |
| | D) | compounds / protons / neutrons |
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| 6 | |
The number and location of the __________ in any atom determines the kinds of chemical reactions that atom may undergo. |
| | A) | protons |
| | B) | neutrons |
| | C) | electrons |
| | D) | atomic mass units |
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| 7 | |
Which statement about ions is true? |
| | A) | Cations have a positive charge; anions have a negative charge. |
| | B) | Cations have a negative charge; anions have a positive charge. |
| | C) | Cations and anions may have positive or negative charges, depending on the reaction. |
| | D) | The charges of cations and anions cannot be categorically identified. |
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| 8 | |
Atoms that are known as inert or noble rarely undergo reactions because |
| | A) | they have the same number of protons as neutrons. |
| | B) | they have the same number of protons as electrons. |
| | C) | their electrons are evenly distributed throughout the reactant area of the atoms. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 9 | |
Writing calcium as Ca++ indicates that the calcium has |
| | A) | two more electrons than protons. |
| | B) | two less electrons than protons. |
| | C) | two more neutrons than protons. |
| | D) | two less neutrons than protons. |
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| 10 | |
The difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds is that with ionic bonds the atoms |
| | A) | share electrons. |
| | B) | are attracted to each other because of unlike charges. |
| | C) | are bound to water molecules. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 11 | |
(1) An acid is a substance that releases H+ in water. (2) The higher the pH value, the more acidic the substance is. |
| | A) | Only (1) is true. |
| | B) | Only (2) is true. |
| | C) | Both (1) and (2) are true. |
| | D) | Neither (1) nor (2) is true. |
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| 12 | |
Salts are compounds that |
| | A) | release H+ but not OH- into a solution. |
| | B) | release OH- but not H+ into a solution. |
| | C) | release both H+ and OH- into a solution. |
| | D) | release neither H+ nor OH- into a solution. |
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| 13 | |
The smallest naturally occurring part of an element or compound is called a(n) |
| | A) | molecule. |
| | B) | solution. |
| | C) | epitope. |
| | D) | colloid. |
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| 14 | |
Hydrogen bonds |
| | A) | are attractions rather than true bonds. |
| | B) | form the bridge between two molecules. |
| | C) | result from the uneven distribution of charges in a molecule. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 15 | |
How many ions of hydrogen are able to bond to one ion of sulfur? |
| | A) | only one |
| | B) | two ions of hydrogen |
| | C) | three hydrogen ions |
| | D) | four or more ions |
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| 16 | |
An isotope has a specific number of neutrons, whereas an ion has a(n) |
| | A) | equal number of neutrons/electrons. |
| | B) | as many protons as neutrons. |
| | C) | only protons and electrons. |
| | D) | specific number of electrons. |
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| 17 | |
A neutron is an example of a |
| | A) | compound. |
| | B) | sub-atomic particle. |
| | C) | mixture. |
| | D) | hydrogen bonded solution. |
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| 18 | |
When a liquid is heated |
| | A) | it takes up more space. |
| | B) | its state changes to a solid. |
| | C) | energy is absorbed when it is cooled. |
| | D) | it has more density than before. |
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| 19 | |
Which electrons have the most kinetic energy? |
| | A) | those closest to the nucleus |
| | B) | electrons in pairs |
| | C) | an electron in the outermost energy level |
| | D) | no correct answer, all electrons are equal |
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| 20 | |
Useful energy is lost during reactions is part of the |
| | A) | Universal Chaos Principle. |
| | B) | Second Law of Thermodynamics. |
| | C) | Interdependence of Matter/Energy. |
| | D) | First Law of Thermodynamics. |
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| 21 | |
Diffusion, the net movement of molecules, is the result of |
| | A) | flow of electrons from one atom to another atom. |
| | B) | the kinetic energy of the molecules. |
| | C) | rearrangement of bonds. |
| | D) | an activity of only living things. |
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| 22 | |
The most common isotope of hydrogen has |
| | A) | two protons and two neutrons. |
| | B) | one proton and one neutron. |
| | C) | one proton and two neutrons. |
| | D) | one proton and no neutrons. |
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| 23 | |
A solution with a pH of 3 |
| | A) | has a high concentration of hydroxyl ions. |
| | B) | is a base. |
| | C) | has a high concentration of hydrogen ions. |
| | D) | is neutral. |
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| 24 | |
Aluminum has an atomic number of 13 and an atomic mass number of 26.98. How many neutrons are in a typical atom of aluminum? |
| | A) | 13 |
| | B) | 14 |
| | C) | 26 |
| | D) | 27 |
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| 25 | |
An ion with 10 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons will have a charge of |
| | A) | +. |
| | B) | -. |
| | C) | ++. |
| | D) | - -. |
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| 26 | |
Compared to 12C, the isotope 14C has |
| | A) | a different atomic number. |
| | B) | two more neutrons. |
| | C) | two more protons. |
| | D) | two more electrons. |
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| 27 | |
In the reaction HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O |
| | A) | an acid is produced. |
| | B) | a base is produced. |
| | C) | a salt is produced. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 28 | |
The orientation of adjacent polar water molecules is such that |
| | A) | the oxygen end of one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen end of the other water molecule. |
| | B) | a hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen end of the other water molecule. |
| | C) | a hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to a hydrogen of the other water molecule. |
| | D) | the two molecules repel each other. |
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| 29 | |
An atom with 2 electrons in its outer energy level will likely |
| | A) | form hydrogen bonds with other atoms. |
| | B) | share 2 electrons with other atoms. |
| | C) | lose 2 electrons and become anions. |
| | D) | lose 2 electrons and become cations. |
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| 30 | |
An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is likely to increase which effect? |
| | A) | the breakdown of hydrogen to helium |
| | B) | an increase in the Arctic ice shelf |
| | C) | a decrease in nitrous oxide |
| | D) | global warming |
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