| computer-aided design (CAD) | Product design using computer graphics.
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| concurrent engineering | Bringing engineering design and manufacturing personnel together early in the design phase.
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| cradle-to-grave assessment | The assessment of the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its useful life.
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| delayed differentiation | The process of producing, but not quite completing, a product or service until customer preferences are known.
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| design for assembly (DFA) | Design that focuses on reducing the number of parts in a product and on assembly methods and sequence.
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| design for disassembly (DFD) | Design so that used products can be easily taken apart.
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| design for manufacturing (DFM) | The designing of products that are compatible with an organization's capabilities.
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| design for recycling (DFR) | Design that facilitates the recovery of materials and components in used products for reuse.
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| failure | Situation in which a product, part, or system does not perform as intended.
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| manufacturability | The capability of an organization to produce an item at an acceptable profit.
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| mass customization | A strategy of producing basically standardized goods, but incorporating some degree of customization.
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| modular design | A form of standardization in which component parts are grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged.
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| normal operating conditions | The set of conditions under which an item's reliability is specified.
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| product bundle | The combination of goods and services provided to a customer.
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| product liability | The responsibility of a manufacturer for any injuries or damages caused by a faulty product.
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| quality function deployment (QFD) | An approach that integrates the "voice of the customer" into both product and service development.
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| recycling | Recovering materials for future use.
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| reliability | The ability of a product, part, or system to perform its intended function under a prescribed set of conditions.
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| remanufacturing | Refurbishing used products by replacing worn-out or defective components.
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| research and development (R&D) | Organized efforts to increase scientific knowledge or product innovation.
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| reverse engineering | Dismantling and inspecting a competitor's product to discover product improvements.
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| robust design | Design that results in products or services that can function over a broad range of conditions.
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| service | Something that is done to or for a customer.
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| service blueprint | A method used in service design to describe and analyze a proposed service.
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| service delivery system | The facilities, processes, and skills needed to provide a service.
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| service package | The physical resources needed to perform the service, the accompanying goods, and the explicit and implicit services included.
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| serviceability | The capability of an organization to provide a service at an acceptable cost or profit.
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| standardization | Extent to which a product, service, or process lacks variety.
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| Uniform Commercial Code | Products carry an implication of merchantability and fitness.
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| value analysis | Examination of the function of parts and materials in an effort to reduce cost and/or improve product performance.
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