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| 1 | |
Which of the following lists the four usual steps of the scientific method, in the correct order? |
| | A) | formation of a hypothesis, observation, collection of data, formulation of a scientific theory |
| | B) | observation, experiment, formation of a hypothesis, conclusions |
| | C) | formation of a hypothesis, measurement of an experimental variable, observation, recording observations that support the hypothesis |
| | D) | observation, formation of a hypothesis, experiment, conclusions |
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| 2 | |
In an experiment, a __________ group is exposed to an experimental variable, while a __________ group is not. |
| | A) | control; test |
| | B) | test; control |
| | C) | control; model |
| | D) | model; test |
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| 3 | |
Based upon analysis of the data collected during an experiment, a conclusion is drawn. The conclusion |
| | A) | eliminates the need for more experiments. |
| | B) | must support the hypothesis. |
| | C) | either supports or does not support the hypothesis. |
| | D) | proves that the hypothesis is true. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following completes this statement truthfully?
A good experimental design ensures that scientists |
| | A) | are testing what they want to test and that their results will be meaningful. |
| | B) | will discover something new and get to publish their results. |
| | C) | will come to conclusions that support their hypothesis. |
| | D) | are testing several different variables at once, which saves time. |
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| 5 | |
A biologist wants to know if farming corn could be equally productive using crop rotation instead of harmful fertilizers. He hypothesizes that corn plants grown using nitrogen-based fertilizers will be larger and more productive. To compare the productivity of corn plants grown in rotation to those grown using nitrogen-based fertilizers, a biologist designs the following experiment:
Three corn plants are grown from seeds planted at the same depth in the same soil and are exposed to the same temperatures, amount of sunlight, and water. One of the corn plants is grown rotated with soybeans. One of the corn plants is grown using nitrogen-based fertilizers, applied once eight leaves appeared. All of the plants are observed over three growing seasons. Data are recorded for each plant, including the number of leaves and timing of their emergence, overall height, and size and weight of the ears of corn (if any are produced). A good experimental design is very important in biology. What, if anything, is problematic about this experimental design? |
| | A) | There is no control group in this design. |
| | B) | There is no experimental group in this design. |
| | C) | There are no problems with this design. It will produce meaningful results. |
| | D) | The test groups are too small. Undetected differences between the test subjects could influence the results. |
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| 6 | |
The cell theory states that cells are the fundamental unit of living things. Which of the following choices correctly states two major principles of the cell theory? |
| | A) | Cells reproduce by splitting in two. Cells require materials and energy. |
| | B) | Cells come from previous cells, and organisms from previous organisms, through reproduction. All cells carry out photosynthesis. |
| | C) | Cells combine to form organisms. Cells require materials and energy. |
| | D) | Cells come from previous cells, and organisms from previous organisms, through reproduction. Cells require materials and energy. |
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| 7 | |
Cells and organisms need nutrients and energy. Where does the energy come from to begin with? |
| | A) | the sun |
| | B) | plants |
| | C) | consuming food |
| | D) | organic nutrients |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following statements explains the gene theory correctly? |
| | A) | DNA molecules are composed of hereditary units called genes. Genes code for proteins, which determine the structure and function of cells and organisms. |
| | B) | Hereditary units called genes are composed of cellular molecules called proteins. Proteins code for DNA molecules, which determine the structure and function of cells and organisms. |
| | C) | Genes code for proteins, which determine the structure and function of cells and organisms. Mutations in DNA molecules create new proteins. |
| | D) | Hereditary units called genes are composed of molecules of DNA. Genes code for proteins, which determine the structure and function of cells and organisms. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following is an application of DNA technology? |
| | A) | Scientists can conduct genetic research, which allows us to extract DNA and study processes at the molecular level. |
| | B) | All of these are applications of DNA technology. |
| | C) | Scientists can determine relationships between and among species, which is accomplished by comparing DNA sequences. |
| | D) | Doctors can perform genetic tests to determine what diseases a person is likely to develop and to prescribe personalized drug therapies. |
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| 10 | |
Feedback and control mechanisms are used to maintain a fairly constant internal environment according to |
| | A) | the theory of evolution. |
| | B) | the theory of ecosystems. |
| | C) | the theory of homeostasis. |
| | D) | the cell theory. |
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| 11 | |
Amy takes her dog for a walk one frosty morning without putting on a jacket. She cuts the walk short to head back inside once she realizes she is shivering. Parts of this example demonstrate how a subconscious response to a stimulus and homeostasis are related. What is the stimulus, what is the subconscious response, and how do they each relate to homeostasis? |
| | A) | The stimulus is the cold. The response is going back inside, which is the brain’s way of keeping Amy’s body warm. |
| | B) | The stimulus is the time of day. The response is forgetting her jacket, which probably occurred because Amy was tired. |
| | C) | The stimulus is the jacket. The response is going back inside. The brain tells Amy that she made a mistake. |
| | D) | The stimulus is the cold. The response is the shivering, which happens because Amy’s body needs to stay at a relatively constant temperature. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following is an example of how a conscious response to a stimulus is related to maintaining homeostasis? |
| | A) | A few hours into a long drive, Michael gets hungry. He pulls off of the highway to stop for a meal. |
| | B) | Not long into a hot summer run, Michael begins to sweat. |
| | C) | After a meal, Michael’s pancreas produces insulin to take up the glucose from the food. |
| | D) | Not long into a hot summer run, Michael begins to breathe heavily. |
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| 13 | |
True or False: Ecosystems are characterized by chemical cycling and energy flow. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is an example of negative impacts inflicted by humans upon ecosystems? |
| | A) | After the fertility of land is exhausted from farming, humans build towns and cities where farms used to be. |
| | B) | All of these are examples of negative impacts inflicted by humans upon ecosystems. |
| | C) | Humans develop towns and cities along the coasts, sending pollutants into the sea. |
| | D) | Humans clear forests and grasslands to grow crops. |
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| 15 | |
Humans depend on ecosystems most for |
| | A) | food. |
| | B) | medicine. |
| | C) | the services they provide. |
| | D) | raw materials. |
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| 16 | |
An evolutionary tree, like this example from the textbook, traces the ancestry of a group to a common ancestor. [insert reference 1.8A] Based on this tree, what is the relationship between the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
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| | A) | These three domains only share the first cells as a common ancestor. |
| | B) | All three of these domains include heterotrophic protists. |
| | C) | These domains share five common ancestors. |
| | D) | They share a few common ancestors, but Bacteria and Archaea lack the membrane-bound nucleus found in Eukarya. |
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| 17 | |
Scientists use DNA samples from organisms to determine how they are related, evolutionarily. This data is |
| | A) | molecular evidence. |
| | B) | anatomical evidence. |
| | C) | fossil evidence. |
| | D) | developmental evidence. |
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| 18 | |
Which choice below lists the major categories of classification from least inclusive to most inclusive? (In other words, from most specific to least specific) |
| | A) | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| | B) | species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, domain, kingdom |
| | C) | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, domain, genus, species |
| | D) | species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain |
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| 19 | |
__________ is the name for the process that makes __________ possible. This process is fueled by mutation, because it introduces variation. |
| | A) | Adaptation; natural selection |
| | B) | Natural selection; adaptation |
| | C) | Evolution; adaptation |
| | D) | Natural selection; descent with modification |
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| 20 | |
Though there is much diversity in living things, all living things share certain characteristics. All living things are organized, use materials and energy, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, respond to stimuli, form ecosystems, and evolve. Living things are very diverse, but also similar because |
| | A) | all living things belong to the same domain, but are different species. |
| | B) | all organisms inhabit similar climates, though they might live in distinct ecosystems. |
| | C) | natural selection, which allows for adaptation, has made living things different; however, descent from a common ancestor means that living things have some characteristics in common. |
| | D) | all organisms can be scientifically classified, but some fit into more than one category. |
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