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| 1 | |
Reproductive cloning requires a cell from the animal to be cloned, which is the source of a __________ nucleus, an egg with its own nucleus removed, and __________. |
| | A) | haploid; a surrogate mother |
| | B) | diploid; an extinct species |
| | C) | haploid; an extinct species |
| | D) | diploid; a surrogate mother |
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| 2 | |
The vector most commonly used to transfer recombinant DNA into a new organism is |
| | A) | a plasmid |
| | B) | a virus |
| | C) | rDNA |
| | D) | a fungus |
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| 3 | |
In order to clone a gene, __________ are used to cleave DNA and __________ is used to seal foreign DNA into the newly created opening. |
| | A) | restriction enzymes; a plasmid |
| | B) | sticky ends; DNA ligase |
| | C) | DNA ligases; a restriction enzyme |
| | D) | restriction enzymes; DNA ligase |
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| 4 | |
“Sticky ends” are important in the gene cloning process because |
| | A) | they cut DNA at specific base pairs. |
| | B) | they facilitate insertion of new DNA into a plasmid. |
| | C) | they help seal the cut ends of DNA. |
| | D) | they cause multiple copies of the plasmid to be made. |
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| 5 | |
What does DNA fingerprinting detect? How? |
| | A) | the identity of a person’s father; using PCR and recombinant DNA technology |
| | B) | an individual’s profile of proteins; using PCR and recombinant DNA technology |
| | C) | an individual’s profile of STRs; using PCR, gel electrophoresis, and a fluorescence detector |
| | D) | an individual’s profile or proteins; using PCR, gel electrophoresis, and a florescence detector |
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| 6 | |
All but one of the following examples is a beneficial application of DNA fingerprinting. Select the example that is not a beneficial application of DNA fingerprinting. |
| | A) | Victims of natural disasters, who are otherwise unidentifiable, can be identified by their profile. |
| | B) | Paternity disputes can be settled. |
| | C) | Blood or tissue samples can be screened against those of potential suspects in crimes. |
| | D) | A viral infection or cancer can be treated. |
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| 7 | |
Modern cheese production is dependent upon __________, which can be produced by transformed bacteria in lieu of being extracted from a substance found in calves’ liver. |
| | A) | chymosin |
| | B) | GFP |
| | C) | rennet |
| | D) | lactase |
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| 8 | |
Which choice does not correctly complete this statement: Plants have been genetically modified to |
| | A) | help humans in some parts of the world to take in the necessary components to produce vitamins that are dangerously lacking in their diets. |
| | B) | increase their salt tolerance, allowing them to be watered with a salt solution. |
| | C) | resist predators, which can increase their yield. |
| | D) | produce insecticide proteins, which increases human exposure to pesticides. |
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| 9 | |
Genetically modified animals with the gene for bovine growth hormone |
| | A) | will produce milk that contains human growth hormone. |
| | B) | are larger than unmodified animals. |
| | C) | are all male. |
| | D) | produce organs that can be transplanted into humans. |
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| 10 | |
Genetic modification of animals could one day lead to |
| | A) | pigs that produce organs with a low potential for rejection in a xenotransplantation. |
| | B) | pharmaceuticals that treat cystic fibrosis. |
| | C) | All of these answers correctly complete this statement. |
| | D) | the ability to intentionally produce male or female offspring in humans and animals. |
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| 11 | |
The first step in transforming an animal to make a human protein, like human growth hormone, is |
| | A) | enucleating a host egg. |
| | B) | development of a human egg within the host animal. |
| | C) | collection of the host animal’s milk. |
| | D) | microinjection of a human gene into the donor animal's egg. |
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| 12 | |
The textbook includes several examples of ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy. Which of the following disorders might be treated using a gene therapy that injects a virus containing VEGF into the heart? What kind of gene therapy is this? |
| | A) | poor coronary circulation; in vivo |
| | B) | hypercholesterolemia; in vivo |
| | C) | poor coronary circulation; ex vivo |
| | D) | hypercholesterolemia; ex vivo |
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| 13 | |
True or False: Ex vivo gene therapy means that a gene is inserted into cells that have been temporarily removed from the body of the patient. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The sequence of the human genome, resulting from the 13-year efforts of the Human Genome Project, was determined using |
| | A) | a manual method to decipher base sequence. |
| | B) | a thermocycler for PCR and automated DNA sequencing machines. |
| | C) | male white blood cells and female egg cells from DNA donors. |
| | D) | microarrays that made sure the donor DNA did not have any diseases. |
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| 15 | |
What percentage of the human genome consists of protein-coding DNA, the exons left behind after mRNA is processed? |
| | A) | 98% |
| | B) | 59% |
| | C) | 2% |
| | D) | 24% |
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| 16 | |
__________ examines how genes are transcribed, translated, and regulated to produce a protein product. __________ compares the human genome to that of other organisms. |
| | A) | Gene therapy; Proteomics |
| | B) | In vivo gene therapy; Ex vivo gene therapy |
| | C) | Comparative genomics; Functional genomics |
| | D) | Functional genomics; Comparative genomics |
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| 17 | |
True or False: Proteomics is a challenging field of study because there are even more proteins than genes in the proteome in order to include protein variants with different functions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
True or False: The presence of mRNA for a protein, detected by microarray, is a quick and easy way to determine what proteins are present in a cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Proteins function in metabolism, signaling, movement, support, transport, defense, osmolarity, and regulation of gene expression, to name a few. Silk, keratin, and collagen are proteins that function in |
| | A) | defense. |
| | B) | support. |
| | C) | signaling. |
| | D) | transport. |
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| 20 | |
Bioinformatics applies computer technology and statistics to the wealth of biological information stored in several online databases. What does a BLAST search look for in a database? |
| | A) | haplotypes, which are patterns of base sequence differences |
| | B) | homologous genes, which are identical genes in different species of organisms |
| | C) | homologous genes, which code for the same proteins despite differences in base sequences |
| | D) | haplotypes, which code for similar proteins though their base sequences differ |
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