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| 1 | |
In the geologic time scale, the three eras are divided into periods. Which statement below describes the further division of these periods? |
| | A) | The periods of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras are divided into epochs. |
| | B) | The periods of the Paleozoic era are divided into epochs. |
| | C) | The periods of all of the eras are further divided into epochs. |
| | D) | The periods of the Cenozoic era are divided into epochs. |
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| 2 | |
Mass extinctions, which are defined as __________, have occurred during _________. |
| | A) | the disappearance of a large number of species in a few million years or less; the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras |
| | B) | the total disappearance of a species or a higher group; the Cenozoic era |
| | C) | the disappearance of a large number of species in a few million years or less; Precambrian time |
| | D) | the total disappearance of a species or a higher group; all three eras of the geologic time scale |
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| 3 | |
The text names which group of organisms as the most abundant and successful organisms on Earth? |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | mammals |
| | C) | eukaryotes |
| | D) | prokaryotes |
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| 4 | |
About 225 million years ago, all of the land masses on Earth formed a supercontinent called __________, which later separated as a result of ___________. |
| | A) | Gondwana; geological transformation |
| | B) | Laurasia; plate tectonics |
| | C) | Pangaea; continental drift |
| | D) | Protoearth; transformation boundaries |
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| 5 | |
Continental drift explains |
| | A) | the unique distribution patterns of several fossils. |
| | B) | Continental drift explains all of these things. |
| | C) | why the coastlines of several continents are mirror images of one another. |
| | D) | the presence of the same geologic structures in many areas where continents were once joined. |
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| 6 | |
True or False: Climate change due to continental drift or astronomical events like meteorite collision provide potential explanations for mass extinctions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
The study of the diversity of organism at all levels of biological organization is called |
| | A) | binomial nomenclature. |
| | B) | Linnaean classification. |
| | C) | taxonomy. |
| | D) | systematics. |
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| 8 | |
The first word in an organism’s binomial name refers to the organism’s |
| | A) | family. |
| | B) | species. |
| | C) | order. |
| | D) | genus. |
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| 9 | |
Which list provides the correct order of Linnaean classification categories from largest to smallest? |
| | A) | species; genus; family; order; class; phylum; kingdom; domain |
| | B) | domain; kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; species |
| | C) | superorder; order; suborder; genus; family; species |
| | D) | kingdom; phylum; class; order; genus; family; taxon; species |
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| 10 | |
When organizing the evolutionary relationships between organisms, a phylogenetic tree is organized into branches. Each branch point in the tree is a __________. The organism at the end of the new branches is separated into groups based upon __________. |
| | A) | common ancestor; ancestral characters |
| | B) | divergence from a common ancestor; derived characters |
| | C) | divergence from a recent common ancestor; ancestral characters |
| | D) | new species; derived characters |
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| 11 | |
A specific species of organism is more closely related to |
| | A) | families in the same order. |
| | B) | to genera in the same family. |
| | C) | other species in the same genus. |
| | D) | phyla in the same kingdom. |
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| 12 | |
Archaea and bacteria |
| | A) | All of these choices correctly complete this statement. |
| | B) | both lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. |
| | C) | have very different rRNA. |
| | D) | belong to separate domains. |
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| 13 | |
The members of domain Eukarya are |
| | A) | unicellular. |
| | B) | multicellular. |
| | C) | organisms whose cell (or cells) have a membrane-enclosed nucleus. |
| | D) | unicellular or multicellular organisms whose cell or cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the three domains are most closely related? |
| | A) | Archaea and Bacteria |
| | B) | Archaea and Eukarya |
| | C) | Eukarya and Bacteria |
| | D) | All three domains are equally closely related. |
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| 15 | |
When constructing a cladogram, |
| | A) | similarities and differences between groups are examined in order to establish an ingroup and an outgroup. |
| | B) | organisms are only grouped together if they have all traits in common. |
| | C) | organisms are grouped together based upon shared ancestral traits. |
| | D) | organisms are grouped together based upon shared derived traits. |
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| 16 | |
Shared derived traits |
| | A) | have no influence on the construction of a cladogram. |
| | B) | occur in members of the ingroup and the outgroup. |
| | C) | occur only in members of the outgroup. |
| | D) | occur only in members of the ingroup. |
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| 17 | |
What is the purpose of an outgroup? |
| | A) | It helps to determine which traits are shared derived traits, since these traits occur only in the ingroup. |
| | B) | It helps to determine which traits are shared ancestral traits, since these traits occur only in the outgroup. |
| | C) | It helps to determine which traits are shared derived traits, since these traits do not occur in the outgroup. |
| | D) | It helps to determine which traits are shared ancestral traits, since these traits occur only in the ingroup. |
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| 18 | |
Phylogeny can be traced using |
| | A) | fossil record data. |
| | B) | morphological data. |
| | C) | molecular data. |
| | D) | All of these data can be used to trace phylogeny. |
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| 19 | |
When determining the phylogeny of closely related species, investigators study which molecule, because it changes so quickly? |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | rRNA |
| | C) | mitochondrial DNA |
| | D) | cytochrome c |
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| 20 | |
DNA evidence is used when tracing phylogeny because |
| | A) | it can be used to substantiate other forms of data. |
| | B) | DNA is used for all of these reasons. |
| | C) | it helps to trace the course of macroevolution. |
| | D) | it can be used to fill gaps in the fossil record. |
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